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above 38 degrees Celsius, similar to colds. On the 12th and 15th days, the heat

drops to normal and small red spots appear on mucous membranes such as the

mouth, tongue and throat. Small red spots appear on the mucous membrane and

within 24 to 48 hours a rash begins to appear on the skin. The first attempt to

prevent smallpox is the variation that makes skin contact with infected substances

such as scab in smallpox patients. In 1796, Dr. Edward Jenner of Berkeley Township,

Gloucestershire, England's rural district, discovered that substances from the

cowpox rash could produce the same immune effect as the variation. In the 19th

century, the cowpox virus used in the method of vaccination was replaced by the

vaccinia virus. In most cases, being vaccinated within three days of exposure to

the virus could significantly reduce or prevent smallpox symptoms from appearing

at all. Vaccination in the period of 4 to 7 days after exposure could give some

protection or alleviate some of the symptoms. Currently, the smallpox vaccine is

not available to the general public because smallpox has been eradicated, and the

virus no longer exists in nature. However, there is enough smallpox vaccine to

vaccinate every person if a smallpox outbreak were to occur.

MERS and SARS are examples of viruses in the 21st century. MERS is an illness

caused by a virus called Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Most

MERS patients developed severe respiratory illness with symptoms of fever, cough

and shortness of breath. Health officials first reported the disease in Saudi Arabia

in September 2012. Through retrospective investigations, they later identified that

the first known cases of MERS occurred in Jordan in April 2012.The largest known

outbreak of MERS outside the Arabian Peninsula occurred in the Republic of Korea

in 2015. The outbreak was associated with a traveler returning from the Arabian

Peninsula. MERS-CoV has spread from ill people to others through close contact,

such as caring for or living with an infected person. There is currently no vaccine

to protect people against MERS. But scientists are working to develop one. There

is no specific antiviral treatment recommended for MERS-CoV infection. Individuals

with MERS often receive medical care to help relieve symptoms. For severe cases,

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