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Figure 3.2. Theoretical Framework for PALAR. Adapted from Action Leadership: Towards a
Participatory Paradigm by O. Zuber-Skeritt, 2011, Springer.
PALAR integrates methodology of lifelong action learning (AL) and participatory action
research (PAR) which has been developed over the past 25 years. It has been proven to be an
effective approach to individual, professional, organizational, community (and generally practice)
development. PALAR can be instrumental in pursuit of social justice and is well suited for both
experienced and beginning researchers interested in researching and improving their own practice.
Many case examples show how PALAR’s framework has been put into practice for various
programs in a variety of fields and countries. The PALAR framework is the basis for a generic
program design, structure, and content, and for processes of learning, teaching, assessment,
evaluation, and leadership development. It is a systemic and systematic program on how to design,
justify, conduct, evaluate, write, and publish research that is particularly useful for community or
work-based theses at master’s, professional doctorate, and PhD levels.
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