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settings, from a normative standpoint, are representative through outreach to assure a range of
voices and ideas, disadvantaged social groups still tend to participate less than individuals of higher
income and more educated populations. Nevertheless, I have included within this research effort a
concerted exploration into how diverse groups, in dialogue, addressed differences of perspective
and worldview in the course of group discussions among participants of civic deliberative groups.
Figure 1.3. Democratic Practices. From Kettering Foundation. Retrieved from
https://www.kettering.org/core-insights/democratic-practices. Copyright 2017, by The Kettering
Foundation.
Kettering research has identified democratic practices that have everyday applications in
the life of a community. Democratic practices are ways diverse citizenry can work together—even
when they disagree—to address shared problems. These practices can be considered as variations
on the things that happen every day in communities and exist in our conversations. However, in
order for these routine activities to become public ‘aware’, citizens have to be involved.
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