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bersanding. This is a family celebration‖. A possible sentence resulting from this
clue can be: A Malay wedding has two processes: the akad nikah and bersanding.

In addition to being given an input in the form of picture, students are also
given a list of vocabulary that can be used in writing the topic sentence.

Generally, 15 to 20 words are provided in the noticing phase. In the example

above, some of the words are bride, groom, adoration, groomsman, and others. Of
course, students are free to use their own words or they may use the given words,

especially for students who have a limited mastery of vocabulary.
At the end of this phase, students are expected to produce sentences that

will be used as topic sentences in the later phases. The following is an example of
the product of the noticing step.

A Malay wedding has two processes: the akad nikah and bersanding.

Trulli was a traditional house in Italy.

Nokia has a good camera.
A high cell-phone price is not a guarantee for a good quality.
Malin Kundang lived with his mother in a small village.

In summary, the aim of this stage is for students to be able to gain

understanding about their cultures and the target cultures. For this, they are
directed to notice various aspects of their cultures and those of the target cultures.

In order to do this, they are provided with an input in the form of pictures and/or
videos and they are directed to write something about it. In addition, they are also

given a list of vocabulary that can be used in writing the topic sentence. At the end
of this phase, students are expected to produce sentences that will be used as topic

sentences in the later phases.

b) Comparing
The aim of this stage is that students are able to compare the various

aspects of the cultural objects being discussed on the basis on the observation that
they have done in the noticing phase. This phase is directed for students to be able

to compare different cultures as input to produce sentences that will be used as
supporting details in paragraphs. The input to this phase is in the form of topic

sentences provided in the materials. This phase, of course, is a logical

continuation of the noticing phase as well as the preparation for the coming step.

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