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The data are analyzed differently based on the certain principles. The following
are explanations of data analysis technique.

a. Analysis of Quantitative Data
The data of needs analysis are analyzed by using the descriptive statistical

analysis. Creswell (2012: 183) states that the descriptive statistic helps to

summarize the overall trends or tendencies in the data obtained, to provide an
understanding of how the scores varied, and to provide insight into where the

scores stand in comparison with others. The data of needs analysis are analyzed
systematically based on the students‘ answers which represent their needs. After

that, the result is analyzed by using frequency and percentage formula.
Meanwhile, the data of product validation and field testing product are

analyzed systematically by using the same technique. The data of both are

analyzed through central tendency. Vogt (in Creswell, 2012: 183-184) states that
measures of central tendency are summary numbers that represent a single value

in a distribution of score. The use of central tendency is based on theoretical

application commonly expressed as an average score (the mean), the middle of a
set score (the median), and the most frequently occurring score (the mode).

The data analysis of the product validation and the try-out in this study
select one measure which was mean. The mean is one of partial descriptive

statistic used to describe responses of all participants in items of instruments. The
mean score of the quality of IBLL model viewed from experts and practitioners

was appropriate (3.6), viewed from students‘ perception was very good (90%),

viewed from lecturers‘ perception was very good (91%). Meanwhile, the mean
score of students‘ achievement in writing descriptive texts was 74 (upper

intermediate level) and in exposition text was 77 (upper intermediate level). The
passing grade standard of the writing subject was 74. Based on the passing grade

standard, the students‘ grade standard achievement was achieved.
b. Analysis of Qualitative Data

The qualitative data obtained from interview and observation sheet are

analyzed by using descriptive-qualitative technique (Miles & Huberman, 2013:
10). The qualitative data of the study include students‘ skills in writing,

instructional goals, learning materials, text types, cultural topics, etc. These data

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