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IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav

5 protein: ‘Warming has disrupted its [= Lake READing PASSAgE 2
Tanganyika’s] ecosystem, and fish numbers have Questions 14–26
dropped sharply. In turn, this decline in fish stocks
has impacted on families living in villages and 14 D: In Paragraph D, the writer explains that an
towns around the lake, since they have no other experiment has been carried out on tobacco plants
source of protein.’ to see if they can be made to produce more oil.
6 employment: ‘These companies provide them Although this experiment has been successful,
[= 100,000 people] with regular employment, Dr Alan Green hasn’t yet carried out the same
without which communities will not survive.’ experiment with other crops: ‘the hope is that oil
‘Communities’ might be tempting, but the word output [= oil production] could be doubled, though
does not collocate with ‘fisheries give’. that idea is yet to be put to the test [= this theory
must still be proved].’
7 bacteria: ‘In the past, people admired its beautiful
green-blue colour. However, the water now has a 15 E: ‘This is a process [= a manufacturing method]
red tint [= the colour has changed]. The reason for which uses heat and pressure to break apart
this [= change] is that bacteria quickly multiply in molecules [= first stage] in whole plants and remove
the warm waters of a shallow lake.’ oxygen, so that the raw material is turned into
8 Tourism: ‘As a result, in the last decade, there has “bio-crude oil”. Then, just as we need to refine the
crude oil made from fossil fuels, the plant-based oil
been a downturn [= a decline] in tourism in the is also refined [= second stage]. After this, it can then
area, an industry many people depended on.’ be turned into different kinds of fuel [= third stage].’
Distraction ‘Industry’ cannot be used in the space 16 F: In Paragraph F we are told that hemp crops
because this would imply that all kinds of industry could be used for both oil and their fibre. The
were affected. fibre could be used as soundproofing material, for
9 TRUE: ‘While scientists had suspected [= believed] example. Algae can be used as a fuel, but also to
that Poopó would eventually run dry [= finally decontaminate [= purify] water.
disappear], they didn’t expect that this would occur 17 A: ‘the fossil fuels we depend upon, and which
for at least another thousand years.’ drive global warming and disrupt weather patterns
10 nOT giVEn: We are only told that ‘The local mining by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.’
industry had already contributed to [= added to] the 18 C: ‘Not all biofuels have been grown on land, but
pollution of the lake,’ but there is no information the once popular idea of generating them from
about any steps or activities to reduce its impact. microscopic algae grown in ponds or tanks [= a
11 TRUE: The writer explains that ‘On average, the method of production] has largely been forgotten
surface water of the world’s lakes has gone up in [= abandoned].’
temperature by 0.34°C every ten years.’ The writer 19 D: ‘Researchers must also consider economic
says that this trend is seen in Lake Tanganyika – but factors, however. While plant oils can be extracted
this lake is ‘by no means [= certainly not] the most and turned into biodiesel for vehicles and
extreme example’. He then says that ‘This [= the machinery, currently the process [= the production
most extreme example] would be Lake Fracksjön of biofuels] is expensive – much more so than the
in Sweden, where an increase of 1.35°C per decade process for fossil fuels.’
has been observed.’ 20 B: The writer explains that ‘Burton believes this
12 FALSE: ‘The cause of [= the reason for] the lake’s kind of multi-purpose use for biofuel crops is the
decline has not yet been established [= no-one is way forward [= it’s a good idea to think about using
sure why it happened], but drought is among the each kind of biofuel crop for different purposes].’
suspects’ [= drought is a possible reason, but no- And Burton is quoted as saying: ‘Biofuels maybe
one is certain]. don’t need to be as cheap as we think they do,
13 nOT giVEn: We are only told that ‘Clay, sand and because you can make money out of the other
other fine material plugged [= blocked/filled] the things [= uses other than fuel].’
hole and the lake started to fill with water again.’ 21 A: ‘But, in his [= Laurance’s] experience, indirect
We don’t know whether it was rain that refilled the impacts [= the effects of planting biofuel crops] can
lake, or whether it was refilled by other means, e.g. be no less devastating for the environment and are
pipes/hoses. far more of a challenge [= it’s not easy] to anticipate
[= predict].’