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22 C: ‘Eventually, the biofuel industry could well 30 nOT giVEn: We are only told that ‘Archaeologists
develop into a very diverse one [= the industry will have been excavating Poverty Point for more than
develop in a variety of ways], with no one crop or a century.’ This doesn’t contain any information
process dominating the market, according to Green. about whether their excavations included Mound A
“The amount of fuel we need to move away from or not. The sentence ‘However, the truly remarkable
petroleum is massive, so there’s plenty of space nature of Mound A only emerged a few years
for all technologies [= we need lots of different ago’ refers to Tristram Kidder’s discovery of the
technologies/processes],” he says.’ coloured earth inside the mound. Perhaps other
23 B: We are told that Burton thinks the smart archaeologists had done other kinds of excavation
way forward is to select ‘the right crop for land work on this mound – but from the information the
not usually used for agriculture’. She wants to writer provides, we can’t be sure.
experiment with ‘tough plants that grow on land 31 YES: The writer explains that ‘They [= Kidder and
too dry or salty [= tough environmental conditions] his team] saw for the first time [= they revealed
for conventional crops’. something that was previously unknown] that it
24 corn: The writer says that ‘. . . farmers in the US consisted of neat layers of differently coloured
opted out of soy [= they decided not to plant soy earth.’
anymore] in favour of corn [= they decided to plant 32 YES: The writer tells us that ‘It rains a lot around
corn instead] as a biofuel crop’. She then explains Poverty Point, and we know that fluctuations
that soy prices increased, so Brazilian farmers [= changes] in temperature and increased flooding
planted soy – which required land to be deforested. eventually led to its abandonment [= people
25 Biodiversity: ‘But while deforestation [= when moving away from Poverty Point].’
forests are cleared] can certainly lead to economic 33 B: In the third paragraph, the writer tells us that an
benefit for farmers, it also puts biodiversity at risk enormous quantity of earth was needed to build
[= biodiversity is threatened].’ Mound A – that it would take 32,000 truckloads if
26 fertiliser: ‘Then, once a biofuel crop has been the same mound was built today. She mentions the
planted on deforested land, farmers need to lack of machinery to support the point that a huge
ensure that it [= their crop] grows as well as it can. number of people (approximately 3,000) would
That means applying [= using] large quantities of have been required to build a mound of this size.
fertiliser, and while this helps the plants to shoot Distraction A We can assume that the builders had
up, there is also the possibility it will lead to the some knowledge of how to build a mound in layers,
contamination [= the pollution] of local rivers.’ but we are only told that they used baskets to carry
the earth. The writer doesn’t mention anything
READing PASSAgE 3 about technical or special engineering methods;
Questions 27–40 C We can assume that moving earth from other
locations to Poverty Point was a challenge, but the
27 YES: We are told that ‘Built around 3,500 years ago writer does not specifically say that they chose the
entirely from earth, it [= the monument] consists of wrong place to build their monument; D Kidder
six semi-circular ridges and five mounds.’ estimates that it would have taken 30–90 days to
28 nOT giVEn: The first paragraph tells us that ‘a build the mound. While this is remarkable, the
remarkable monument’ was built at Poverty writer does not suggest she thinks it is impossible.
Point in the US and describes its appearance: ‘six Her only question is ‘Why would people choose to
semi-circular ridges and five mounds’. However, do this?’
no information is provided that tells us whether 34 C: In the fourth paragraph, we are told that through
similar monuments were built elsewhere in the US, statue making, the groups living on Easter Island
and so we cannot know whether the Poverty Point had ‘peaceful interactions’ and that they shared
monument was the first of its kind. information. Because of this, ‘daily existence
29 nO: The writer says that ‘They [= the hunter- became less of a challenge’ and they no longer
gatherer groups living at Poverty Point] may have needed to work together.
looked to elders [= older members] for guidance, Distraction A The writer explains that the ‘prevailing
but these [= the elders] would not have exerted a idea’ [= the most common and accepted belief]
commanding influence [= not had great power] over was that the Easter Islanders had used logs [= trees
their small groups.’
which had been cut down] to transport their statues.
