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Grammar review

The Past simple of be Unit 1

Positive Negative Questions Short answers
I was I was not (wasn’t) Was I? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.
You were You were not (weren’t) Were you? Yes, you were. / No, you weren’t.
He was He was not (wasn’t) Was he? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.
She was She was not (wasn’t) Was she? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t.
It was It was not (wasn’t) Was it? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.
We were We were not (weren’t) Were we? Yes, we were. / No, we weren’t.
You were You were not (weren’t) Were you? Yes, you were. / No, you weren’t.
They were They were not (weren’t) Were they? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.

The Past simple of be has only two forms: was for the first and third person singular; were for
the other persons.
The negative is formed with: Subject + was / were + not
The negative short forms wasn’t / weren’t are commonly used in informal English.

The interrogative is formed with was / were + subject + base form of the verb

Disagreeing and correcting Unit 1

To disagree or correct a statement in English, use a positive or negative short answer according
to the tense. For example:
He likes it. (Present simple, positive) No, he doesn’t.
I am not English. (Present simple, be, negative) Yes, you are.
He doesn’t speak English. (Present simple, negative) Yes, he does.
He was here yesterday. (Past simple, be, positive) No, he wasn’t.
They weren’t at home on Saturday. (Past simple, be, negative) Yes, they were.

The Past simple of regular verbs Units 1 and 3

The Past simple (and the Past participle) of regular verbs is formed by adding ed to the base
form of the verb. The same form is used for all persons (work = worked; turn = turned etc.).

Positive Negative Questions Short answers
I worked I didn’t work Did I work? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
You worked You didn’t work Did you work? Yes, you did. / No, you didn’t.
He worked He didn’t work Did he work? Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.
She worked She didn’t work Did she work? Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.
It worked It didn’t work Did it work? Yes, it did. / No, it didn’t.
We worked We didn’t work Did we work? Yes, we did. / No, we didn’t.
You worked You didn’t work Did you work? Yes, you did. / No, you didn’t.
They worked They didn’t work Did they work? Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.

The interrogative is formed with Did (Past simple of do) + subject + base form of the verb.

The negative is formed with: Subject + did not (didn’t) + base form of the verb.

88 GRAMMAR REVIEW