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Grammar review

Comparisons Unit 4

Adjectives and adverbs ending in y following a consonant change the y into i + er (easy  easier).
Adjectives of three or more syllables, adjectives of two syllables not ending in e, er, ow, y, plus
some adverbs and nouns form their comparative by adding more before the adjective/adverb/
noun + than:
She is more intelligent than me (or … than I am).
John is more patient than I expected.
He’s got more books than us (or … than we have).

Some adjectives and adverbs have irregular comparative forms. The most common ones are:
good  better You look better today.
bad  worse How are you feeling today? Worse.
far  farther / further I walked to the station. It was farther (further) than I expected.

The comparative of equality (as ... as)
The comparative of equality follows the pattern:
(not) as + adjective or adverb + as
She is as tall as you (…as you are).
It isn’t as cold as yesterday.

With nouns, the comparison is introduced by (not) as much / as many:
They haven’t got as many friends as us (…as we have).
He hasn't got as much money as he needs.

Be going to Unit 5

Be going to (present be + going to + base form of the verb) expresses future intention:
She’s going to help you.
What are you going to do? I’m going to stay here.

Also certainty about an event taking place in the future:
It’s going to rain.

Have to / don’t have to Unit 5

Have to + verb expresses an obligation imposed by external circumstances on the speaker:
We have to stay at home because it’s raining. (it is necessary because of the rain)

The negative forms don’t have to, doesn’t have to + verb express absence of obligation or
necessity:
You don’t have to help me (there’s no obligation for you to help me).
We use had to and will have to for the past and future forms of must / mustn’t:
I had to leave early yesterday.
I think we’ll have to move next year.

90 GRAMMAR REVIEW