Page 11 - BAB 5 INTEGRRAL

f 䂎䀀䂏ꦔª鉘ʎ⢀ʅ髀ꋊ᮰䀦鉈ʎfﱀ 峖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 憓Zﱀ 緰؟緀؟e 䂎䀀䂏䋴¸慈ʎ⢀ʅ髀ꋊ᮰䀦鉈ʎ eﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 憓Zﱀ 緰؟緀؟겘ʎb⬘ح 䂎䀀䂏ꦔª䀐慈ʎ⢀ʅ髀ꋊ᮰䀦麴濚䁾뀀䁾鉈ʎ 麴濚䁾bﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 憓Zﱀ 緰؟緀؟r⬘ح 䂎䀀䂏䋴¸쀀慈ʎ⢀ʅ髀ꋊ᮰䀦➭밄뿶䂏砀䂀鉈ʎ ➭밄뿶䂏rﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 憓Zﱀ 緰؟緀؟겘ʎ赨ʎiت 䂎䀀䂏ꦔª䀔慈ʎ⢀ʅ髀ꋊ᮰䀦䕮줇䯯䂕䁶鉈ʎ 䕮줇䯯䂕iﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 憓Zﱀ 緰؟緀؟겘ʎ赨ʎaت 䂎䀀䂏䋴¸쀈慈ʎ⢀ʅ髀ꋊ᮰䀦➬밄⯶䂙ꀀ䁮鉈ʎ ➬밄⯶䂙aﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 憓Zﱀ 緰؟緀؟nت 䂎䀀䂏ꦔª䀠慈ʎ⢀ʅ髀ꋊ᮰䀦㮃ᨆꏲ䂠砀䂀鉈ʎ 㮃ᨆꏲ䂠nﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 憓Zﱀ 緰؟緀؟겘ʎ赨ʎtت 䂎䀀䂏䋴¸쀀慈ʎ⢀ʅ髀ꋊ᮰䀦㆘欅열䂤砀䂀鉈ʎ
㆘欅열䂤tﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 憓Zﱀ 緰؟緀؟겘ʎ赨ʎoت 䂎䀀

U簀䂐䀀䂏ꦔª烨ʎ⢀ʅﻀ–䀩鄈ʎ2Uﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐn痈ح簀䂐䀀䂏䋴¸䀈烨ʎ⢀ʅﻀ–䀩㮃ᨆ矲䂆退䂆鄈ʎ4㮃ᨆ矲䂆nﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 憓Zﱀ 緰؟緀؟惸ʎ鉈ʎt↨ɾ簀䂐䀀䂏ꦔª䀈烨ʎ⢀ʅﻀ–䀩㮄ᨆ 䂓怀䂁鄈ʎ6㮄ᨆ 䂓tﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 憓Zﱀ 緰؟緀؟惸ʎ鉈ʎu↨ɾ簀䂐䀀䂏䋴¸㿰烨ʎ⢀ʅﻀ–䀩䕯줇࿯䂙퀀䁴鄈ʎ8䕯줇࿯䂙uﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 憓Zﱀ 緰؟緀؟惸ʎ鉈ʎk↨ɾ簀䂐䀀䂏ꦔª䀈烨ʎ⢀ʅﻀ–䀩㆙欅 䂠怀䂁鄈ʎ:㆙欅 䂠kﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 憓Zﱀ 緰؟緀؟惸ʎ鉈ʎ ↨ɾ簀䂐䀀䂏䋴¸䀈烨ʎM ʍ簀䂐䀀䂏ꦔª㿰烨ʎ⢀ʅﻀ–䀩䕰줇ᷯ䂧䀀䁯鄈ʎ>䕰줇ᷯ䂧Mﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀeᾘؿ簀䂐䀀䂏䋴¸쀔烨ʎ⢀ʅﻀ–䀩겤鎄藵䂮砀䂍鄈ʎ@겤鎄藵䂮eﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 憓Zﱀ 緰؟緀؟惸ʎn㯈ق簀䂐䀀䂏ꦔª㿰烨ʎ⢀ʅﻀ–䀩飍㖂ﳺ䂰뀀䁻鄈ʎB飍㖂ﳺ䂰nﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 憓Zﱀ 緰؟緀؟惸ʎ

V㰀䂐䀀䂏䋴¸鉈ʎ⢀ʅ髀ꋊ᮰䀦蟨ʎwVﱀ 崖Zﱀ  怑Zﱀ  怢Zﱀ ﱐ 箈ح㰀䂐䀀䂏ꦔª䀠鉈ʎ=箈ح㰀䂐䀀䂏䋴¸㿰鉈ʎ⢀ʅ髀ꋊ᮰䀦늊丒៖䂎䀀䁯蟨ʎ{늊丒៖