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TEACHINGS  |  EASTERN HORIZON     13









                  To practice the            Pure Dharma,
                  dharma purely,

                 we have to walk             Barefoot Dharma

                barefoot before we
                 can run–learning            By Dr B Alan Wallace
                  and practicing
                                             In 1979, I had the privilege of   ultimate reality. Developing these
               fundamentals before           interpreting for His Holiness the   aspects of one’s experience, he said,

                 we go on to more            Dalai Lama on his visit to Greece.   was the foundation for Vajrayana
              advanced techniques.           During that stay, we dropped by   Buddhism, and once that was
                                             a small Tibetan Buddhist dharma   established, they could proceed to
                                             center, recently founded by the   the five preliminary practices and
                                             eminent Kagyü lama Kalu Rinpoche.   all that follows.
                                             His students’ enthusiasm and great
                                             reverence for him compensated     In the twenty-five years since,
                                             for their limited background in   Tibetan Buddhism has spread
                                             Buddhism. But they were troubled.   widely throughout the world, but
                                             Kalu Rinpoche had encouraged      these same issues continue to arise.
                                             them to complete the standard     With many lamas representing
                                             set of five preliminary practices   different orders and lineages of
                                             (ngöndro), including such practices   Tibetan Buddhism, and other
                                             as 100,000 ritual offerings of the   Buddhist teachers offering
                                             mandala, before venturing into    instruction in the theories and
                                             more advanced practices. But, as   practices of Theravada Buddhism
                                             they reported to the Dalai Lama,   and various schools of East Asian
             Dynamic lecturer, progressive   they didn’t really understand     Buddhism, confusion can easily
             scholar, and one of the most    the nature or purpose of these    arise if we try mixing them all
             prolific writers and translators   preliminaries, and they were   together at whim. Students are
             of Tibetan Buddhism in the      resistant to doing them. What to do?  often cautioned against this, since
                                             His Holiness responded that these   they are encouraged to maintain the
             West, B. Alan Wallace holds a
                                             five practices were preliminary   “purity” of the dharma. What exactly
             doctorate in religious studies
                                             to Vajrayana Buddhism, but they   does this mean, though? Is it a call
             from Stanford University. He
                                             were not preliminary to Buddhist   for sectarianism, maintaining the
             is founder and president of     practice as a whole. It was       purity of one’s own lineage, which
             the  Santa Barbara Institute    important, he counseled them, first   mustn’t be polluted by any other
             for Consciousness Studies  and   to gain a sound understanding of   defiled teachings? Although one
             the  Center for Contemplative   the Four Noble Truths. Following   gets this impression sometimes, in
             Research.                       that, they could develop a sense   other cases the call for purity seems
                                             of renunciation by fathoming      motivated by other concerns. Even
                                             the reality of suffering, a spirit of   the most non-sectarian Buddhist
                                             enlightened altruism (bodhichitta)   masters encourage their students
                                             as they pondered the vulnerability   not to mix up teachings, initiations
                                             of all beings to grief and pain, and   and practices from different
                                             finally, insight into the nature of   lineages and schools unless they
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