Page 292 - fourth year book

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Basically, there are three types of interaction in a working environment:

- Man and physical (noise, humidity, dust, Vibration,
lighting…) chemical (Chemical dust, Mists, Fumes,

Liquids...) and biological agents (Presence of insects and
rodents, Microorganisms, Poisonous plants and animals).

- Man and machine: An industry or factory uses power driven
machines for the purpose of mass production. Unguarded
machines, protruding and moving parts, poor electrical and
machinery installation of the plant, and lack of safety
measures are the causes of accidents. Working for long

hours in an awkward postures or positions is the causes of
fatigue, backache, diseases of joints and muscles and
impairment of the workers' health and efficiency.

- Man and psychosocial environment. There are numerous
psychosocial factors, which operate at workplace. These are
human relationships among workers themselves and those in
authorities. Examples of psychosocial factors include the type

and rhythm of work. , Work stability, Service conditions, Job
satisfaction, Leadership style, Security, Workers`
participation and communication, Motivation and incentives.

2. The principles of occupational health

 All people are given the highest level of health and safety

protection that is reasonably practicable;

 Those who manage or control activities that give rise, or may
give rise, to risks to health or safety are responsible for
eliminating or reducing health and safety risks, so far as is

reasonably practicable;

 Employers and self-employed people should be proactive and
take reasonably practicable measures to ensure health and
safety in their business activities;

 Employers and employees should exchange information about
risks to health or safety and measures that can be taken to
eliminate or reduce those risks; and

 Employees are entitled, and should be encouraged, to be
represented on health and safety issues.

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