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290 y Notes to Pages 9–13

6. L. O. Frossard, De Jaurès à Lénine: notes et souvenirs d’un militant (Paris: Bibliothèque de documenta-
tion sociale, 1930), 137.
7. Documents and Materials on the History of Soviet-Polish Relations (Moscow: Voyenizdat, 1964), 3: 221.
8. Kakurin and Melikov, Civil War in Russia, 434.
9. Vladimir I. Lenin, Ninth Conference of the Russian Communist Party, September 22, 1920.
Chapter 3
Epigraph: Joseph Stalin, “About the Polish Communist Party” (1926), republished in Collected Works in
13 Volumes (Moscow: Gospolitizdat, 1952), 6: 267.
1. Vladimir I. Lenin, “Report on Foreign and Domestic Policy,” delivered at the Eighth Congress of
Soviets on December 22, 1920, published in Complete Collected Works, 143.
2. Lenin, Complete Collected Works, 358.
3. Walter Krivitsky, I Was an Agent of Stalin (Moscow: Terra, 1991), 97–98.
4. Ibid.
5. Alexander Kolpakidi and Dmitri Prokhorov, Empire of the GRU: Sketches on the History of Russian
Military Intelligence (Moscow: Olma-Press, 2000), 1: 105–7.
6. Rodina, no. 10 (1990): 13.
7. “Politburo of the CC of RCP (b)—ACP (b) [Central Committee of Russian Communist Party (bolshe-
viks) —All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks)] and Europe: Decisions of the ‘Special Folder,’ 1929–
1939,” in e Russian Political Encyclopedia (Moscow, 2001), 21.
8. Ibid., 22–23, and Boris Bazhanov, Memoirs of a Former Secretary of Stalin (Paris: e ird Wave,
1980), 68–69. e most important fact is that Bazhanov summarized decisions, made in secret by
the Politburo, with absolute certainty. His only mistake is with regard to the date: that session of the
Politburo convened on October 4, 1923, not in September of the same year. In 2001 this decision,
already unclassified, was made public. e abovementioned session of the Politburo really did consider
the question of a specified date for armed insurrection in Germany. A small segment from protocol
#38, made on October 4, 1923: “Determined: . . . 3. To agree with the commission with regards to the
fixing of the deadline —the 9th of November, this year. 4. To apply all political and organizational ef-
forts so that the appointed deadline may be met. 5. . . . It is to be remembered, that the course of action
may lead to the inevitability of ordering the decisive advance ahead of the appointed deadline. . . . 7.
To send to Germany comrades Pyatakov, Rudzutak, and Kuibyshev. . . . 11. To let those four [Central
Committee members Radek, Pyatakov, Unshlikht, and Vasia Shmidt, NarKom of Labor] decide, upon
arrival in Berlin, whether to include comrade Krestinskyi in their work, and, in case of being required
to act in a conspiratorial manner, to have comrade Krestinskyi aid the group’s activities, allowing him
equal voting power in all or some of their meetings. . . . 13. To increase the special fund by 500,000 gold
rubles.” e decision to include Rudzutak among the four was not carried out due to the latter’s illness;
instead of Kuibyshev, according to the Politburo decision on October 18, the People’s Commissar for
Labor, V. V. Schmidt, joined its ranks. Nikolai Krestinskyi was then a plenipotentiary representative of
the USSR in Germany. e sum mentioned here is for the deposition of the German government.
9. General Ioakim Vatsetis (1873–1938) was Commander in Chief of Soviet Russia’s armed forces in
1918–19.
10. Vyacheslav Menzhinskii (1874–1934) was one of the leaders of Stalin’s political police.
11. Meer Trillisser (1883–1940) was one of the heads of political police in the USSR.
12. Genrikh Yagoda (1891–1938) was one of the leaders of Stalin’s political police.
13. Gustav Stresemann (1879–1929) was Reichchancellor of Germany from 1923, and German minister of
foreign affairs from 1923 to 1929.
14. Raymond Poincaré (1860–1934) was premier and minister of foreign affairs in France from 1912,
president from 1913 to 1920, and premier once again from 1922 to 1924 and 1926 to 1929.
15. Krivitsky, I Was an Agent of Stalin, 49–50.
16. Speech on August 1, 1927, at joint plenum of the Central Committee and Central Control Commission
of the Communist Party, quoted in Joseph Stalin, Collected Works, 10: 63.
17. Gustav Hilger and Alfred G. Meyer, Incompatible Allies (New York: Macmillan, 1953), 267.
18. Krivitsky, I Was an Agent of Stalin (Moscow: Sovremennik, 1996), 49-50.