Page 346 - The Chief Culprit

Notes to Pages 14–28 y 291

19. Ernst Roehm (d. 1934) was one of the leading figures of the Nazi movement, second only to Hitler
himself.

Chapter 4
Epigraph: Adolf Hitler, during a meeting with Lord Halifax, the British foreign minister, November 19,
1937.

Chapter 5
Epigraph: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (Russia: T-OKO, 1992), 524.
1. Voenno-istoricheskiy Zhournal (VIZh) [Military History Journal], no. 4 (1989): 53.
2. Bulleten Oppozitsii [Bulletin of Opposition], no. 52–53 (October 1936): 42.
3. Robert Conquest, e Great Terror, translated from English into Russian (Florence, Italy: Aurora,
1974).
4. A. Antonov-Ovseenko, Portrait of a Tyrant (New York: Khronika, 1980), 296.
5. Joseph Stalin, in Eighth Congress of the Communist Party: Protocols (Moscow: Partizdat, 1959), 20.
6. Lenin, Complete Collected Works, 41: 353.
7. Hitler, Adolf, Mein Kampf, pt. 2, chap. XIII, passim.
8. Rosenberg, Alfred, Der Zukunftweg einer deutschen Aussenpolitik, 20.

Chapter 6
Epigraph: Leon Trotsky, “Against National Communism!” Bulleten Oppozitsii [Bulletin of Opposition],
no. 24 (August 25, 1931).
1. M. I. Meltiukhov, Stalin’s Missed Opportunity: e Soviet Union and the Fight for Europe, 1939–1941
(Moscow: Veche, 2002), 511. As of January 1, 1928, the Red Army had forty-five Ricardo Mk V tanks,
six Taylor Mk A tanks, and twenty-eight Renault FT-17 tanks, altogether seventy-nine foreign-made
tanks. Mikhail Svirin and Andrei Beskurnikov, “First Soviet Tanks,” supplement to M-Hobby magazine
(Moscow), no. 1 (1995): 43. e domestic production of tanks was launched in the 1928–29 business
year. One hundred and twenty-two tanks were produced then: 121 MS-1 (T-18) tanks and one T-12.
But only 96 MS-1s were accepted by the state acceptance commission. In 1932, 3,039 tanks and light
tanks had already been produced. Overall, in the years of the first Five Year Plan, 3,949 tanks and light
tanks were produced altogether. History of the Second World War, 1939–1945 (Moscow: Voyenizdat,
1973–82), 1: 260. By January 1, 1933, the Red Army had 4,538 tanks. Meltiukhov, Stalin’s Missed
Opportunity, 515.
2. V. S. Shumikhin, Soviet Military Aviation, 1917–1941 (Moscow: Nauka, 1986), 157.
3. Jacques Rossi, GULAG Directory (London: OPI, 1987), 96–97.
4. GULAG: e Main [Prison] Camp Directorate, 1918–1960: Collection of Documents, compiled by A. I.
Kokurin and M. Petrov (Moscow: International Fund “Democracy,” 2000), 753.
5. S. G. Popova, “ e World Gold Market and Issues of Gold Export Development in Russia,” Ph.D.
thesis (Moscow: 1998).
6. V. Z. Rogovin, “Hunger,” in e Power and the Opposition, 1928–1933 (Moscow: Zhurnal Teatr, 1993),
chap. XLVIII.
7. Pravda, February 2, 1935.
8. Felix Chuev, Molotov: Master of Half a Domain (Moscow: Olma-Press, 2002), 458.
9. V. Z. Rogovin, “Hunger,” in e Power and the Opposition, 1928–1933. Less than 100,000 tons of grain
were exported in 1928, but by 1929 that figure had already reached 1.3 million tons; in 1930 it was
4.8 million tons, in 1931 it was 5.2 million tons, in 1932 it was 1.8 million tons, and in 1933 it was 1
million tons.

Chapter 7
Epigraph: G. Zinoviev, member of the Politburo, chairman of the Communist International, in Collected
Works (Leningrad, 1925), 7: 490.
1. Pravda, no. 255, November 6–7, 1927.
2. Stalin, Collected Works, 11: 202.