Page 350 - The Chief Culprit

Notes to Pages 52–69 y 295

14. Complete World Encyclopedia of Tanks, 1915–2000 (Minsk: Harvest, 1999), 123–24. For the first time
in world history a truly amphibious tank was designed and built by the British firm Vickers-Armstrong
in 1931. e vehicle was designated as the Vickers-Carden-Lloyd (A-4) and was considered a progeni-
tor of all the amphibious tanks. It was never added to the British armored forces arsenal. Single units of
this tank were sold to China, Japan, the Netherlands, and ailand. is is another example of how the
West did not use the great achievements of its designers, while the Soviet Union was able to appreciate
and exploit these products.
15. British and American Tanks of World War II (New York: ARCO, 1969), 11.
16. S. Fedoseev, Japanese Armored Vehicles, 1939–1945 (Moscow: Bronecollectsia, 1995), 20–23.
17. A. V. Karpenko, Review of National Armor-Tank Technology, 1905–1995 (St. Petersburg:
Nevskiy Bastion, 1996), 194.
18. Ibid., 200.
19. “Military and Numerical Composition,” 241.
20. Shmelev, e Tank’s History, 77.
21. Karpenko, Review of National Armor-Tank Technology, 189.

Chapter 11
Epigraph: VIZh, no. 1 (1969): 62
1. V. N. Shunkov, Red Army’s Weapons (Minsk: Harvest, 1999), 287–88, 297.
2. A. Kesselring, Gedanken zum Zweiten Weltkrieg [ oughts on World War II] (Bonn: 1956), 78.
3. Shavrov, e History of Aircraft Design in the USSR, 1938–1950, 45.
4. N. T. Gordiukov and D. B. Khazanov, Close-Range Bomber Su-2 (Moscow: Technika-Molodiozhi,
2000), 63–64.
5. Shavrov, e History of Aircraft Design in the USSR, 1938–1950, 50.
6. L. M. Kuzmina, Chief Designer Pavel Sukhoy ( Moscow: Molodaya Gvardia, 1983), 57.
7. D. Horikoshi, M. Okumia, and M. Kaidin, Zero! Japanese Aviation in the Second World War (Moscow:
AST, 1999), 453.
8. In the spring of 1941, the more powerful Ju-87D-1 went into production. It was equipped with the
1,500-hp motor. Armaments: two wing-mounted machine guns (or two wing 20-mm cannons) plus
dual machine guns to defend the rear hemisphere. Bomb payload: nominal—1,000 kg, maximum—
1,800 kg.
9. E. Middeldorf, Tactics in the Russian Campaign [in Russian], (Moscow: Voyenizdat, 1958), 225.
10. Krasnaya Zvezda, December 15, 1992.

Chapter 12
Epigraph: Halder, War Diary, entry from July 17, 1941.
1. E. Chernikov, Armored Ground Attack Aircraft (Shtumovik) IL-2 (Moscow, 1997), 46. Two types of
under-wing mount: either 8 RS-82, or 4 RS-82 and 4 RS-132.
2. Ibid., 14.
3. Shavrov, e History of Aircraft Design in the USSR, 1938–1950, 263.
4. A. N. Medved and D. B. Khazanov, Dive Bomber Pe-2 (Moscow: Exprint, 1999), part 1, 16.
5. M. N. Kozhevnikov, Command and Staff of the Air Forces of the Soviet Army in the Great Patriotic War
(Moscow: Nauka, 1977), 16.
6. USSR Aircraft Industry, 1917–1945 (Moscow: TSAGI, 1992–1994), 2: 41, 235.
7. e Great Patriotic War, 1941–1945: Military History Essays (Moscow: Nauka, 1998), 1: 113; O.
Groehler, Geschichte des Luftkriegs, 1910 bis 1980 [History of Aerial Warfare, 1910–1980] (Berlin,
1981).
8. Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg [ e German Reich and World War II] (Stuttgart: Deutsche
Verlags-Anstalt, 1979), 5/1: 555.
9. Groehler, Geschichte des Luftkriegs. e majority of historians accept the data provided by German
scholar O. Groehler as the most reliable—Hitler deployed against the USSR 3,520 planes, including
945 bombers, 400 dive-bombers and ground attackers (inclusive of sixty ground attack planes from the
II.(Sch)/LG2 (formation number), 1,036 single-engine fighters, 93 two-engine fighters, 120 long-range