Page 240 - Libro vascular I

Index.qxd 29~8~04 15:03 Page 231
artefacts 80–1
blood–tissue discrimination 38 color coding 38–9
frame rate 43–4
hue 38
low velocity flow 42–3 luminosity 38
noise 79
resolution and sensitivity 44–5 saturation 38–9
scanner elements 37–9 transcranial 106 two-dimensional maps 35–6
Color scales 39
Color write enable/priority control
38, 80
Common carotid artery (CCA)
anatomy 86
B-mode imaging 89–90 color flow imaging 90–1 spectral Doppler 91 velocity profiles 55 waveform showing reverse
diastolic flow 97 Common femoral artery (CFA)
anatomy 112–13, 118 assessment 119–20 velocity profiles 55 waveforms 129
Common femoral vein anatomy 118, 165, 168 assessment 177 respiration effects 61 scanning 193–4 transverse image 193
Common iliac artery anatomy 111–12 emboli 117 scanning 120 stenosis 2
Common iliac vein 60, 165, 168 Common interosseous artery 134 Compartment syndrome 117 Composite vein grafts 208 Compound imaging 17, 18 Compression bandaging 171 Compression curves 14–15 Computed tomography (CT) 1,
192
Congestive heart failure
abnormal venous flow 62
edema 201
Continuous wave Doppler 27, 29
limitations 33
Contrast agents 46–7 Costoclavicular maneuver 140 Critical lower limb ischemia (CLI)
116–17
Crocket’s perforators 166
Cystic adventitial disease, popliteal
artery 130
D
D-dimers 191–2
Decibel scale 14, 225
Deep femoral (profunda femoris)
artery 112–13, 118, 120
Deep femoral (profunda femoris) vein
118, 164, 168
Deep inspiration maneuver 140–1 Deep venous reflux, grading 173–6 Deep venous system, lower limbs
164–5
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
B-mode-images 195–6 collateral veins 199
color flow images 196–7 conditions mimicking 199–202 diagnostic problems 197–8 epidemiology 189–90 free-floating thrombi 190, 196 investigations for diagnosing
191–2
natural history 198–9
pathology 189–90 recanalization 198 recurrent 199 reporting 205
risk factors 190 scanning 189, 192–8 spectral Doppler 197 symptoms 190–1 treatment 191
upper limbs 203–4
Demodulation 26
Depth gain compensation (DGC) 14
optimizing 76
Diabetes 115, 124
Digital arteries, scanning 138 Dodd’s perforator 166 Doppler effect 23–4
applied to vascular ultrasound 24–6
Doppler shift 23–4
Doppler spectrum, factors influencing
63–6
Doppler ultrasound 2, 23–33
aliasing see Aliasing
color see Color flow imaging continuous wave see Continuous
wave Doppler pulsed see Pulsed Doppler signal analysis 27–33 signal extraction 26–7
Dorsalis pedis artery anatomy 113
flow profiles 55, 56 scanning 123
Duplex ultrasound 1, 33 Dwell time 42
Dynamic focusing 18–19 Dynamic range 14–15 Dysphasia 88
E
Ectasia 145 Edema 201 Elastic arteries 50 Emboli
acute ischemia 117–18 aneurysms 140
arterial disease 88, 133 pulmonary 189, 190
Endoleaks 149, 156–7 Endotension 157
Endothelium 50
Endovascular aneurysm repair 1,
148–9, 154–7
Endovenous saphenous obliteration
170
Ensemble length 44
Entrance effect 53
European Carotid Plaque Study
Group 93
European Carotid Surgery Trialist’s
Collaborative Group (ECST)
97, 98, 100
European Federation of Societies for
Ultrasound in Medicine and
Biology (EFSUMB) 82 European Working Group on Critical
Limb Ischemia 117 Exercise testing 115–16
External carotid artery (ECA) anatomy 86
carotid body tumour 105–6 color image 91
spectral Doppler 91–2 transverse B-mode image 89–90
External iliac artery anatomy 112 occlusion 126 scanning 120
External iliac vein 165, 168
F
False aneurysms 142, 146, 158–60 grafts 218
INDEX
231