Page 252 - Area 9 - Relevant Document

viii

Probability - Indicates uncertainty such as in the case of inference, which
cannot be absolutely certain.

Qualitative data – Data that are expressed in quality of attributes which are
often discrete in character; examples: color, shape, sex, size etc.; data
which vary in kind.
Quantitative data - Data, which are represented in terms of numbers.

Randomization – A process where a chance device is used to provide an
equal chance to all treatments to be assigned in the experimental units
be it favorable or not for such treatment.

Random sample - A sample obtained employing randomization procedure.

Randomization procedure - A sampling procedure where equal chance is
given to each treatment in the population to be selected as part of the
sample.

Range - The difference between the largest and the smallest values in a given
array of numbers.
Recommendation – Brief and concise statements found at the end of the
research/thesis report, which essentially suggests what can be done
with the findings of the study.

Reliability – The consistency, repeatability, and dependability of research
observations.

Replication - The number of times the treatment is carried out in an
experiment.

Sample - Aggregate or small representative part of a population. A part of the
population used as source of research data and observations.

Sampling error - The variation among sampling units.
Sampling unit - The experimental material that is actually measured.

Scope of inference - The range to which the results of an experiment can be
applied or validated. As a rule, a narrowly conceived experiment will
have a limited scope of inference while a broadly conceived experiment
will have a wide scope of inference.

Significance - Defines the probability that treatments differ from each other.

Significance level - Represented by the Greek letter α. The probability of
making a type 1 error.

Standard deviation - A statistic which measures the dispersion of
observations from a sample.
Square root of the variance.