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plan of Paris redesigned by Eugene Haussmann

Camille Pissarro - Avenue de l'Opera - Musée des
Beaux-Arts Reims

Sir Ebenezer Howard, (1850-1928), founder of the English garden-city movement,
which influenced urban planning throughout the world.

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In this book, To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Social Reform(1898), he proposed the
I i b o , o m o r w : e c f l a h t o i l e o m ( 8 8 , e p o o e e
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establishment of "garden cities", each surrounded by a self-sufficient, 30,000
inhabitant and not available to builders. Howard was trying to reverse large-scale
migration from populated rural areas and small towns to cities. Howard's garden
cities have so far aimed to provide rural areas with the economic and major
industrial cities opportunities.

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T e m a n f a u e f o a d s l n w e e e p r h s f r e f r l n n
The main features of Howard's plan were: the purchase of a large farmland in a ring
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fence; planning a compact city surrounded by a large rural arch; accommodation
of city dwellers, industry and agriculture in the town; limiting the scope of the town
and preventing rape to the rural belt; and the natural increase in land values to be
used for the general well-being of the town.
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ward_garden_cities/