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Head size: Head circumference is determined by measuring the greatest

occipitofrontal circumference after three measurements and takes the largest.

Macrocephaly

Means large in which head circumference greater than 2 standard deviations

from normal distribution

Causes :

➢ Cranial causes: Conditions with thickened skull

Rickets Osteogenesis imperfecta
Chronic hemolytic anemia. Bone dysplasia

Osteopetrosis

➢ Intracranial causes :
-Space occupying lesions : Brain tumors , brain masses

-Hydrancephaly : Absence of cerebral hemispheres→ replacement by a sac

filled with fluid → diagnosed by transillumination test

-Megalencephaly.

-Chronic subdural effusion , hematoma

-Hydrocephalus

Abnomal head shape