Page 19 - Ranah Studi Agraria: Penguasaan Tanah dan Hubungan Agraris

Ranah Studi Agraria

A sample of 1100 farmers was selected in 37 sample villages in
the major irrigated rice-producing areas of Indonesia (20 in
Java, 13 in other islands) and re-visited at the end of each rice
harvest season, for four years. There was no other systematic,

multi-village study at this time, and the SAE series of “Research
Notes”, written as soon as possible after the conclusion of each
survey round and widely circulated in ‘stencil’ form, became
the most important source of information on what was happe-
ning in smallholder rice agriculture during these early years
of the Bimas rice intensification programme.
From the very first years foreign scholars were involved
in the SAE’s work. One full-time consultant was provided by
ADC and others came as short-term consultants; meanwhile
many other scholars came to use SAE data and villages for
their own research. One of the first of these was Richard Franke,
whose Harvard University PhD The Green Revolution in a
Javanese Village based on research in 1970-71 in a single SAE
village in Pemalang, was one of the first English-language studies
to point to the contradictions emerging when Bimas credit, new
rice varieties and inputs came in contact with “village social
relations of production” (Franke 1972; see also Franke 1974).
The IPS project was, in its original conception, firmly

production-oriented. The first rounds of the surveys covered
only “farmers” (about 30 farmers per village, including a spe-
cial sample of five “large farmers” per village) and were fo-
cused on the problems of technology adoption. In 1971 howe-
ver the project conducted an “agricultural census” of about
200 households in each village, this time including the land-
less. This census revealed the large numbers of households

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