Page 346 - Ranah Studi Agraria: Penguasaan Tanah dan Hubungan Agraris

Landownership Tenancy, and ...

ized most of the lowland villages. Nevertheless, although the
patterns of tenancy differed between the two groups of vil-
lages (landless in the lowland, small owners in the upland, leas-
ing land in), rates of tenancy were relatively similar and de-

spite the smaller average size of holdings in the upland, distri-
bution of cultivated land was not markedly more equally dis-
tributed than in the lowland.
Within the lowland and upland groups, considerable in-
tervillage variations occurred in ownership, tenancy and em-
ployment structure. Owing to the small sample of villages sur-
veyed we should be wary of drawing conclusions for all Java
on lowland-upland differences in these phenomena.
Only a relatively small number of variables covered in
the recensus questionnaire have been analyzed in this paper.
As noted, tenancy patterns tend to be determined by a com-
plex range of factors and subject to significant changes over
relatively a short time span. Nevertheless, we need at least to
incorporate in the analysis basic household characteristics in
seeking to explain differentials in participation in the tenancy
market, and the interactions between the tenancy and labor
markets. Other materials from the recensus still to be ana-
lyzed includes the terms of tenancy contracts, relationship
between owner and tenant, and characteristics of both; mi-
grations patters and occupation of migrants are also worth
examining further, especially in the context of income gener-
ated in rural as against urban areas. 33
What are the major dimensions of community change

33 This subject has been analyzed separately by Colter (1984).

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