Page 377 - Ranah Studi Agraria: Penguasaan Tanah dan Hubungan Agraris

Ranah Studi Agraria

all villages except Geneng (columns 1-4). Analyzing the same
data from another angle (columns 5-7), it is clear that in all vil-
lages except Jatisari, the absolute quantity of (real) wages paid
out per hectare has increased’ in all villages except Geneng, how-

ever, the farmer’s paddy income per hectare has increased more,
and hired labor’s less, than paddy production. These data there-
fore indicate a growing divide between ‘farmers’ on the one hand,
and ‘hired laborers’ on the other, in terms of their relative ability
to command incomes from paddy production. In practice, as we
shall see below, many smaller farm households also hire out their
labor and thus acquire income from both these sources.
In later sections we will examine changes in hired labor
use, wage rates, and labor arrangements which influence the
incomes of hired workers in paddy production. First, how-
ever, we will discuss the evidence of changes in patterns of
land control, since these determine both the distribution of
paddy incomes among farm households and also the separa-
tion between those who have access to a ‘farmer’s or lan-
downer’s share’ and those landless households whose only po-
tential access to incomes in this sector is in the form of a wage.

E. Land Tenure and Land Markets: 1971-1981

Our only information on access to land in 1971 concerns
the distribution of operated holdings (Agro Economic Survey
1972) without any details on landownership or tenure status.
The comparison of operated holdings distribution in 1971 and
1981 shown in Table 7.4, however, suggests some tentative
conclusions regarding ownership and tenure which can be fur-
ther examined using the more detailed information available

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