Page 374 - Ranah Studi Agraria: Penguasaan Tanah dan Hubungan Agraris

Agrarian and Nonagrarian Bases ...

land preparation and for the first plowing, while animal power
was used for second plowing, harrowing, and puddling. After
some years, as government promotion of uniform planting
schedules (for purposes of water rotation and crop protection)

made the cultivation season shorter, tractor owners found their
profits from tractor hire also shrinking and began to use the
engines to power irrigation pumps, which analysis shows to be
more profitable (Masjidin Siregar and Aladin Nasution 1984).

Table 7.2 Changes in Paddy Cultivation Practices and Yields : 1971-1981
Paddy farmers using new varieties Paddy farmers using Average fertilizer Average paddy
chemical fertilizer dosage (kg/ha) yields (t/ha)
1971, NIV 1971, MV 1981, MV 1971 1981 1971 1981 1971 1981
Village (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
West Java
Sentul 87% 3% 100% 19% 100% n/a n/a 1.1 2.0
Mariuk 23% 6% 100% 89% 100% 135 257 2.5 3.8
Jatisari 3% 23% 93% 81% 100% 277 350 3.4 4.3
Central
Java
Rowosari 24% 6% 100% 54% 100% 58 205 3.5 4.6
- 22% 100% 96% 100% 174 327 2.8 3.5
Kebanggan
a
Wanarata 92% 62% 100% 78% 100% 121 392 2.9 3.0
4.3 b
East Java
Sukosari 2% 96% 100% 84% 100% n/a n/a 3.0 4.7
Geneng 1% 54% 100% 96% 100% 176 574 3.1 5.2
Janti 1% 11% 100% 92% 100% 213 444 2.7 5.2
Sources : Agricultural census, 1971 (cols, 1, 2, 4); sample survey, 1971 (cols.
6, 8); resurvey 1981 (cols. 3, 5, 7, 9).
Note : 1971 and 1981 refer to wet seasons 1970-1971 and 1980-1981. NIV =
national improved varieties, MV = modern varieties; n/a = not available
a Actual yield including harvest failure
b Estimated normal yield

Other technological changes universal in the nine villages,
which like tractors affect not so much productivity as labor
absorption, include the shift from hand weeding to the use of
rotary or toothed weeding implements (made possible by

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