Page 372 - Ranah Studi Agraria: Penguasaan Tanah dan Hubungan Agraris

Agrarian and Nonagrarian Bases ...

intensity. The major thrust of intensification in all villages has
been in raising paddy yields through increased use of modern
inputs. The use of either ‘national improved’ or ‘modern’ vari-
eties (the latter being those originally diffused from IRRI) was

already quite widespread in many villages by 1971, as may be
seen in Table 7.2. In all the irrigated villages (i.e., all except
Sentul) even greater numbers of farmers were already using
chemical fertilizers (column 4); a few farmers in some villages
had used them in small quantities since the late 1950s and in
the occasional case since the 1930s (Agro Economic Survey
1972). Thus, between 1971 and 1981 changes in modern input
use, though considerable, have been quantitative rather than
qualitative. By 1981 all paddy farmers were using MVs and
furthermore planting them on all the sawah, excepting only
the occasional small plot reserved for good-tasting or gluti-
nous (ketan) varieties for use on special occasions; the single
exception is Jatisari, in which about 10 of farmers continue to
produce local varieties and a single crop, a portion of upland
terraces in this region being officially designated for the tradi-
tional ‘Cianjur’ varieties which fetch high prices in urban mar-
kets. Fertilizer use is now also universal (column 5) and dosa-
ges have doubled or more than doubled in many villages

(columns 6-7), reaching the high levels of more than 400 kg/
ha in Janti and Geneng.
These changes, together with insecticide use, the shift in
the late 1970s to pest-resistant MVs, and associated Green
Revolution practices such as straight-row planting and more
frequent weeding, have resulted in the marked yield increases
which can be seen in Table 7.2 (columns 8-9). These increases

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