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Conference Tutorials

development of their intellectual property. Topics that will be addressed Systematic solution optimization using empirical methods has enabled the
include: opportunities and limitations on faculty in becoming entrepreneurs; identification of superior combinations of cryoprotectants for various cell and
juggling the simultaneous roles of academic and entrepreneur; what does it tissue types, yet the range of chemicals used as protectants is still quite
take to become successful; expectations for time, effort, and other resources narrow and it is oftentimes not well understood why some compositions work
required; how to learn at least some of the skills that contribute to the better than others. Formulations that have been optimized for use in small
entrepreneurial processes; and personal anecdotes by the presenter. tissues have toxicity profiles that limit their use in larger systems, where long
incubation times are needed to allow diffusion of protectants into the interior
of thick tissues. Compositions that have reduced toxicities yet form glasses at
modest cooling rates, resist cracking, and do not crystallize during rewarming
TUTORIAL 6: ORGAN PRESERVATION
are needed for large volume vitrification applications. Implementing computa-
Presenter: Sebastian Giwa, The Organ Preservation Alliance
tional methods into the design of vitrification solutions can reduce experimen-
Date/Time: Tuesday, February 23, 4:00 - 5:00 PM
tal time and provide valuable insights for new materials. For example, many
Location: Navarro
important glassy state properties, including glass transition temperature, fragil-
Description: Organ transplantation has been one of the most significant
ity, and coefficient of thermal expansion lend themselves to prediction by
medical advances in the past 50 years and remains in many cases the only
molecular dynamics computer simulations. Mathematical methods can also
effective therapy for end-stage organ failure. The process of organ transplan-
be applied to predict injury caused by osmotic stress. These and other
tation involves the removal of an organ from a donor body, storing this organ
examples that demonstrate an MGI approach to the development of next
for transportation, and allowing it to be transplanted into another body, all
generation cryoprotectant compositions will be presented.
while preserving the organ without significant damage. This has only been
possible by amassing a good understanding of the potential effects of NEMB2016-6171: DoD Health Objectives and Current/Future Support for
hypoxic injury on donated organs, and how to prevent these by applying Organ Banking (Keynote)
organ preservation. In this tutorial, you will gain a better understanding of Luis Alvarez, United States Military Academy
organ preservation, how applications of hypothermia have become central to
the process, and what advances in nanotechnology, tissue engineering, NEMB2016-6175: The Grand Challenges of Organ Banking: How the World Is
cryobiology, and heat transfer are informing new innovations. Beginning to Align to Meet Them
Sebastian Giwa, Organ Preservation Alliance
Abstract: In the last year considerable momentum has developed around the
ORGAN PRESERVATION (TECHNICAL SESSION) grand scientific challenge of banking organs and other complex tissues. Organ
Date/Time: Tuesday, February 23, 5:00 – 6:30 PM impairment is responsible for more deaths than cancer every year in the U.S.,
Location: Navarro making it the nation’s #1 killer. Yet organ impairment, major strategies for
NEMB2016-6168: Despite its massive public health impact, organ transplanta- cancer treatment and research, and many other approaches in other areas of
tion still faces great challenges after 50 years; Organ Preservation is a key biomedicine are critically bottlenecked by limitations in our ability to bank
solution. (Keynote) living organs and other complex tissues. Breakthroughs in organ and complex
A. O. Gaber, Houston Methodist Research Institute tissue banking have the potential to affect millions of patients each year
worldwide. The 1st Global Organ Banking Summit in 2015, with events at
NEMB2016-6169: Nanoscale Solutions for Organ Banking Challenges Stanford, NASA, and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, brought together
(Keynote) leading experts in mechanical engineering, cell biology, cryobiology, organ
John Bischof, University of Minnesota transplantation and other areas to identify the key remaining challenges of
organ and complex tissue banking. Some of these ‘organ banking sub-chal-
NEMB2016-6170: Applying the “Materials Genome Initiative” to Design Next
lenges’ are amenable to nanoscale solutions, creating a fertile space for the
Generation Cryo Protectants (Technical Presentation)
application of existing nanotechnology approaches and the development of
Gloria Elliott, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
new ones, that is receiving increasing interest from U.S. science agencies, the
research community and the general public. The Organ Banking Session at
Abstract: Recognizing that discovery and deployment of advanced materials is
NEMB is part of a growing conversation around organ banking that in 2015
crucial to achieving global economic competitiveness, the White House
included the Global Organ Banking Summit, along with an NSF-sponsored
recently launched a new program called the ‘Materials Genome Initiative’
Technology Roadmapping Process, Washington, D.C. organ banking
(MGI) with the vision of deploying materials innovations “twice as fast, at a
workshop, White House Roundtable and West Point workshop involving
fraction of the cost”. Embodying the same principles that enabled rapid
multiple NIH institutes, DARPA, NSF, NASA, the Dept. of Defense, the White
advances in the mapping of the human genome, this multi-agency program is
House, and other governmental bodies as well as industry leaders and
strategically mobilizing resources and infrastructure in order to support the
academic subject matter experts in a number of disciplines surrounding the
rapid development of materials that address challenges in clean energy,
organ banking challenge. The Department of Defense alone has released six
national security, and human welfare. This program emphasizes the use of
new government grant pipelines targeting the preservation and banking of
advanced computational tools to speed materials development, including
complex tissues. At the NEMB organ banking session, we will outline the
machine learning, visual analytics, data-mining, and software tools that can
public health impact and growing interest of the organ banking challenge, as
impact all stages of discovery, testing, manufacture, and deployment. This
well as the key scientific sub-challenges and many of the promise approaches
approach can be applied to the development of preservation compositions
being used to meet these challenges. Discussions will focus on the recent
that are designed specifically for large organ banking.
nanotechnology breakthroughs that show promise for organ banking and on 11
In order to make progress with the vitrification of complex organs, it is clear untapped opportunities to apply nanoscale solutions to make breakthroughs
that further advances in cryoprotectant compositions will be necessary. in organ and tissue banking.