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Chapter 14 • Implementing and Controlling
FIGURE 14-2 Three important theories of employee motivation.
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
self-
actualization
esteem
social
security
physiological
McCLELLAND’S ACHIEVEMENT THEORY
achievement power affiliation
HERZBERG’S TWO-FACTOR THEORY
hygiene motivators
factors
dissatisfiers satisfiers
MCCLELLAND’S ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION
Whereas Maslow’s theory is based on a set of needs common to all people, David
McClelland believed that people are influenced most strongly by one of three
specific needs: the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for
power.
McClelland suggested that people with a high achievement need take personal
responsibility for their own work, set personal goals, and want immediate feed-
back on their work. People with a strong affiliation need are concerned about
their relationships with others and work to get along well and fit in with a group.
Finally, those with a strong power need want to influence and control others and
to be responsible for a group’s activities. You can probably think of people who
fit into each of these three need classifications.
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