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In attempts to explain the characteristics   than though the spectacles of fiqh or            occurred in the past thrown backwards.   Sejarah Melayu, which was written at
                                   of just conduct, the Tajus-Salatin says   the law. However, before we continue                History had become a myth that provided   the palace of the sultanate of Johor, the
                                   that it is truly subjective. What the king   with this, as having been said above, a          an intimate atmosphere among others by   successor of the Sultanate of Malacca,
                                   perceives as right, be it an action or a   king is not an abstract concept. A king            “resolving” all the possibilities of “what   (bu finally complete at Samalanga, a
                                   law imposed upon him, will also be felt   is an empirical reality. Thus, a king had           was believed” with “what happened”. It   “province” of the Sultanate of Aceh)
                                   well by the people. Contrarily, what he   proof his legitimacy as ruler. He also              was the myths that became part of the   offers a picture that the Sultanate of
                                   feels is bad for him, is also bad for the   had to account to his people for his              cultural consciousness. Myths were what   Malacca was originated from Palembang,
                                   people. So the simple rule is common    actions, and to the normative tradition.              constituted and simultaneously received   where the son of Alexander the Great
                                   sense. This is the beginning of justice,   Accountability is also the ideological tool        validation in the knowledge system of the   alighted. In this way, Johor became a
                                   and this is also the main basis of true   to ensure the continuity of the dynasty             cognitive community.                   link in the uninterrupted chain. Moreover,
                                   “sovereignty”. “Sovereignty”, then, is   and to increase his power. Perhaps, in                                                      Malacca also played an important role
                                   not merely the foundation of power      this respect, Berg  was right that one of             Thus, the Sejarah Melayu, the Babad    as a center of Islamic propagation. In
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                                   legitimacy, but in fact is also a reflection   the functions of the works of court poets      Tanah Jawi, and the Tarsila in the Sulu   fact, if necessary, Malacca could also
                                   of shared feelings. “Sovereignty” is    was to enlarge a king’s magical powers.               and Mangindanao traditions confronted   try to stand up to Pasai’s position as the
                                   rooted in the unity between the people   The constrained bureaucratic system in               themselves in their efforts to offer the   center of religious learning.  The Tarsila
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                                   and the king. Moreover, it is based on   practice was more in need of other styles            basic legitimacy of the institution of the   also states that the organization of the
                                   justice, is a step to approach the king,   of more integrative tools.                         ruling dynasty. For it was in this context   first supra-village style of power center
                                   the creature, to God ---as he becomes                                                         that, the king’s presence and his power   was established by Sharif Kabungsuan,
                                   “the divine saint, the perfect connector”.   It is in this effort to accountability that      were acceptable. So Senapati, the      a maulana a disseminator of Islam. Not
                                                                           works like the Tajus-Salatin could serve              founder of the Mataram dynasty was
                                   The normative objective to be achieved is                                                     termed the legitimate heir, because he   only that, he was also a descendant of
                                   the entire cosmos. Irrespective whether   as points of reference as to how the                was not only a descendant of Brawijaya   the Prophet. It was the same in Sulu.
                                   it is reflected in odes or in advice, cosmic   ideal should be. But whatever the case,        (the last king of Majapahit) but also the   The fundament of the royal tradition
                                   unity is the overall ideological basis of   that ideal had to meet real facts. The            first Sunan Giri (one of the Wali Sanga).   was laid by Raja Baginda, who came
                                   the Islamic kings in Southeast Asia;    dialogue between the ideal necessity and              If this were not enough, the Babad     from Minangkabau. This was confirmed
                                   not only are they always depicted by    historical reality was unavoidable. Thus,             Tanah Jawi states that he was also the   by his son-in-law, Sayyid Abu Bakar, a
                                   using mystical idiom, they are also often   historical experience was also provided           recipient of the wahyu cakraningrat and   preacher. He became the first king of
                                   involved in a mystic sphere regardless of   with normative significance. It was the           the husband of Nyai Loro Kidul.  The   Sulu. So, the Sultanate of Sulu cannot be
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                                   the style or the nature of their monistic   provision of normative significance to                                                   Graaf on the possibility of using a chronicle as a
                                   understanding. It is not exaggerated to   history that formed one of the elements             67.  On this see Anderson, 1972, Moertono, 1968,   historical source.
                                                                                                                                 Moedjanto, 1986. Because “the mythical blanket”
                                   say that, apart from their differences,   of the mythologizing process, a process             that covered Senapati is so thick, Berg, in his   68.  See Roolvink, 1965. The Sultan of Malacca
                                   most works produced by the court poets   that sometimes turned history into                   review of de Graaf’s book on Senapati (1954)   inquired about a religious problem of which he
                                   or palace writers can only be understood   empirical knowledge about events that              doubted that this figure was historically real. Berg   already knew the outcome, but the Sultan of Pasai
                                                                                                                                                                        was unaware of this. This is told in one of the
                                                                                                                                 tended to treat him as a mythological figure. This
                                   by using a mystical approach rather     66.  Berg, 1938/1974: 84.                             incited a heated debate between Berg dan de   versions of the Sejarah Melayu.

          174  Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives                                                                                                                    Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives  175
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