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Chapter 20

1.3 Role theory

A role is the pattern of behaviour expected by someone who occupies
a particular position.

There are several key terms relating to role theory that you should be aware of.

Role behaviour

 Certain types of behaviour can be associated with a particular role in an
organisation. E.g. a member of staff who expects to be promoted shortly may
begin acting as if they have already been put in charge.

Role set

 this describes the people who respond to an individual in a particular role. E.g.
a clerk or junior barristers would form part of a senior barrister’s set.

Role signs

 these are visible indications of a role. E.g. styles of dress or uniforms.

Role theory also identifies several problems that these expected patterns of
behaviour may cause.

Role ambiguity

 this arises when an individual is unsure of what role they are to play, or others
are unclear of that person’s role and so hold back co-operation.

Role conflict

 this occurs when individuals find a clash between different roles they have
adopted.

Role incompatibility

 this occurs when individuals experience expectations from outside groups about
their role that are different to their own role expectation.

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