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Business valuation




                           Deriving a suitable cost of capital for

                           discounting



               6.1  Risk adjusted cost of capital

                             When using a proxy cost of capital, care must be taken to ensure that it
                             reflects the business risk and the capital structure of the entity being
                             valued.

                             If necessary, a risk adjusted cost of capital could be used.


               6.2  Modigliani and Miller's (M & M's) equations


                             Modigliani and Miller's (M & M's) equations can be used to adjust an
                             entity's cost of equity or WACC to reflect a different capital structure.


                 Cost of equity:      k eg = k eu + (k eu – k d)[V D(1–t)/V E)]

                 WACC:                WACC = k eu [1–V D t/(V D + V E)]








































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