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Capital structure





                            Pecking-order theory




               In this theory there is no search for an optimal capital structure through a theorised
               process.  Instead it is argued that firms will raise new funds as follows:

                    internally generated funds (already available, cheap)

                    debt (less contentious than share issues, moderate issue costs)


                    new issue of equity (could be perceived as a sign of problems, expensive)



                  Illustrations and further practice



                  Now try TYU question 4 from Chapter 18.
















































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