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中山 Zhongshan: Name of a small patrician state during the
Warring States period, located in the eastern part of modern Shanxi.

封 feng (V) to enfoeff; (N) a fief

弟 dì (N) younger brother

長 zhăng (Adj/SV) elder, eldest; [Cognate: cháng (Adj/SV): long]

以此 yǐcǐ (Adv. phrase) on account of this, therefore; by means of this,
thereby

怒 nù (Adj/SV) angry

逐 zhú (V) to drive out

起 qǐ (V) to get up, to start up

出 chu (V) to go out, to emerge, to appear (publicly)

任 rèn (N) a surname

座 zùo (N) a seat [here, a personal name]

任座 Rèn Zùo: the name of a minister to Wèi Wén-hóu

聞 wén (V) to hear

聞之 wén zhi: a phrase that frequently precedes an aphorism

直 zhí (Adj/SV) straight, straightforward

是 shì (Pronoun) this; (Adv) indeed; (SV) to be true

復 fù (Adv) again

召 zhào (V) to summon (especially as in a ruler summoning a subject)

拜 bài (V) to bow one’s head to one’s clasped hands, to honor

為 wéi (V) to be, to do, to act as

上 shàng (Adj/SV) high, top; (Prep) above