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05.09.2024, 22:54 Ready for C2 Proficiency Student's Book Classroom Presentation

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READY FOR GRAMMAR

8 C o m p a r a t i v e s
3 Comparative structures with so
1 Review of comparatives
• now more + adjective + than ever to express a We can use so + adjective / adverb + that to say
something happened to such a degree that it caused
greater amount/quantity of something now
a specific result. In formal contexts, we can use so +
Action on climate change is now more critical
adjective / adverb + as + to infinitive in the same way.
than ever.
Companies should never be so bold as to ignore their
• the + comparative, the + comparative to express a
impact on the environment.
proportionate increase (or decrease)
4 Limiting a comparison
In terms of single-use plastics, the less we produce
We can use no / not any + comparative adjective to limit
the better in my opinion.
a comparison (say it is no more than another thing).
• like + noun / pronoun / gerund
The animals in this zoo are no worse off than they
Trying to convince my parents to recycle is like
would be in the wild.
talking to a brick wall.
We can use not that much + comparative adjective
• ( just / every bit) as + adjective + as to say two things
( +than) to indicate a small amount more.
are equal, or not ( quite) as + adjective + as to mean
In my view, organic vegetables are not that much
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two things are unequal
tastier than other vegetables.
Limiting waste production is not quite as important
5 Phrases of comparison
as dealing with climate change, in my view.
We can use the faintest / the slightest before certain
2 Expressing similarity
nouns to express the least amount possible, usually
We can use as + adjective / adverb + as to compare
after a negative verb form. This can also be expressed
something, someone or a situation to another thing,
by putting in the slightest at the end of the clause.
person or situation.
I didn’t have the faintest idea what was happening.
Finding effective alternative energies is as complex to
The restrictions didn’t make a difference in the slightest.
deal with as food scarcity.
We can use tantamount to as an adjective to compare
When using a singular countable noun after the
two negative things and express their similarity. https://english0905.com/private/
adjective, the indefinite article comes between the
adjective and the noun.
The destruction of forests for their resources is
tantamount to criminal behaviour, in my view.
Leonardo de Caprio is as vocal a champion of
environmental causes as you can find in Hollywood.
We can grade comparisons with adjective + noun
collocations: a marked improvement, a vast difference
We can use as if or as though to compare the situations
described in the two clauses.
We’ve noticed a marked improvement in the town’s
care of the local environment following the talks.
The fish were laying on the coast as if they had jumped
right out of the water.
8 E x p r e s s i n g c o n t r a s t
1 while and whereas to contrast people, places and Interesting though the film sounded, Laura couldn’t
situations in the same sentence. persuade anyone to watch it with her.
While some governments are making real progress, 7 And yet to introduce an unexpected contrast.
others seem more reluctant to engage with the issue.
I was convinced I had done badly in the exam, and yet a
2 not nearly as / so + adj + as and nothing like as + adj to month later my certificate arrived.
emphasise something that is not the case.
8 Nonetheless at the beginning or end of a sentence, or
Even as little as twenty years ago, cities were nothing between a subject or auxiliary verb and the main verb.
like as crowded as they are today.
There were very few flights available. I have
3 more + adjective than + adjective for related qualities. nonetheless managed to find one.
The lack of sales is more worrying than frustrating. 9 Even so / All the same come at the beginning of a
sentence or join two clauses with a conjunction.
4 slightly, comparatively, far, a great deal, considerably,
significantly + adj to indicate a degree of difference. Addressing pollution in the city is difficult, but all the
same , the council should up their game.
The mayor’s office has been comparatively successful
at reducing air pollution. 10 Albeit introduces a comparison using a noun,
adjective or adverb phrase. It cannot be followed by an
Although/though + participle clause or verbless clause.
5
independent clause.
Though officially retired, Amy did some freelance work.
The proposal to invest in the rewilding project was
adjective + though and superlative + by far / by a long
6
welcome, albeit long overdue.
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way to add emphasis.
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