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1 READ & NOTICE THE GRAMMAR.

A Do people tip in your country? Have you ever made a mistake when tipping someone in your
country or abroad? Tell a partner about it. Then read the text.

When should | tip?

A tip is a small amount of money that you pay to
certain service workers. In most countries, you don’t
have to tip much, if anything. However, in the United
States, you are supposed to tip in a number of different
situations.
e Restaurants: When you eat in a restaurant, you are
supposed to leave your server a 15-20 percent tip.
You don't have to tip when you order food and pick it
up yourself, but you are supposed to offer a delivery
person about 10 percent if he brings it to your home.
Of course, if it’s terrible weather, you probably ought
to include a few extra dollars.

¢ Hotels: Hotels can be complicated. A lot depends on
how much help you need. You are supposed to tip
the concierge about $10-$20 when you check out.
You should also leave some money for the cleaning
staff, especially if you left your room a mess! Also,
you really ought to hand anyone who carries your
suitcases a small tip of about one or two dollars.

e Taxis: People generally tip taxi drivers about 15-20
percent. If the driver helps you with your bags, then you
should probably offer him or her a few dollars more.
If you follow these basic rules, you won't have any
problems traveling in the United States. If you get
confused, don’t be afraid to ask what to do.

GRAMMAR FOCUS

In this text, the writer uses the following modals and modal-like expressions.
be supposed to « is used fo express an obligation (When you eat in a restaurant,
you are supposed fo leave your server. . .)
not have to e is used to show that something is not necessary (In most
countries, you don’t have to tip much. . .)
ought to/should—* are used to offer advice (.. . you probably ought to include. . .)
(You should also leave some money for the cleaning staff. . .)

204 MODALS: PART 1
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