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03Ancient Numerals Unit
Objective: Learn about numbers in different ancient cultures. Have the students look at how Ancient
Egyptians expressed numbers.
Ancient Egyptians used sticks to show numbers from 1 to 9. Ask the students to think about why this
They used an upside-down U to show 10. A rope and lotus are used to number system cannot be used widely.
show 100 and 1,000.
Refer to .
12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 100 1,000 Have the students write the Arabic numerals
as Ancient Egyptian numerals and Ancient
From 1 to 9, the number of sticks shows each number expressed. So, to express the multiples of Egyptian numerals as Arabic numerals.
10’s, 100’s, or 1,000’s, the symbols are repeated.
Egyptian numeral characteristics
Write Arabic numerals in ancient Egyptian numerals and ancient Egyptian The symbols in Egyptian numerals represent
numerals in Arabic numerals. the same number regardless of location.
Example:
13 21 211113
19 27 111 213 213
Arabic numerals
Arabic numerals have a different value when in
a different placement.
Example: 234 200
432 2
24 47 105
3. Ancient Numerals 23
Ancient Egyptian numerals
Ancient Egyptian numerals have a different symbol for every power of ten (1, 10, 100...). Numbers can be
made by adding the symbols.
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
stick heel spiral lotus index finger tadpole frightened
person
When a large number like 999 is written in Ancient Egyptian numerals, many symbols must be used.
This is one of the discomforts of using this number system.
4A Unit 03 037
Objective: Learn about numbers in different ancient cultures. Have the students look at how Ancient
Egyptians expressed numbers.
Ancient Egyptians used sticks to show numbers from 1 to 9. Ask the students to think about why this
They used an upside-down U to show 10. A rope and lotus are used to number system cannot be used widely.
show 100 and 1,000.
Refer to .
12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 100 1,000 Have the students write the Arabic numerals
as Ancient Egyptian numerals and Ancient
From 1 to 9, the number of sticks shows each number expressed. So, to express the multiples of Egyptian numerals as Arabic numerals.
10’s, 100’s, or 1,000’s, the symbols are repeated.
Egyptian numeral characteristics
Write Arabic numerals in ancient Egyptian numerals and ancient Egyptian The symbols in Egyptian numerals represent
numerals in Arabic numerals. the same number regardless of location.
Example:
13 21 211113
19 27 111 213 213
Arabic numerals
Arabic numerals have a different value when in
a different placement.
Example: 234 200
432 2
24 47 105
3. Ancient Numerals 23
Ancient Egyptian numerals
Ancient Egyptian numerals have a different symbol for every power of ten (1, 10, 100...). Numbers can be
made by adding the symbols.
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
stick heel spiral lotus index finger tadpole frightened
person
When a large number like 999 is written in Ancient Egyptian numerals, many symbols must be used.
This is one of the discomforts of using this number system.
4A Unit 03 037
