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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

This section reviews related topics and issue regarding the projects field. This section

focuses to study about stroke, machine learning, the application of machine learning
in handling stroke data, the technology used and works related to the project. The

information or data displayed in this chapter had been reviewed from similar articles,

journal and past related projects.

2.1 Stroke

According to myHealth Malaysia Portal, a clogged or ruptured blood artery
in the brain causes a stroke. Lack of oxygen causes harm to the brain's tissue.

Moreover, the function of such dead brain tissue will be lost when it passes
away. The main signs of stroke include dizziness, unconsciousness, and/or

limb weakness. Stroke is a fatal condition that leaves victims severely

disabled.

2.1.1 Prevalence of Stroke

Stroke is a significant global health concern, accounting for approximately
ten percent of the 55 million annual deaths worldwide (Khalib, 2022).

Furthermore, it ranks as the sixth most common cause of long-term adult
disabilities (Khalib, 2022). In Malaysia, stroke holds the distressing position

of being the third leading cause of death (Tan and Venketasubramanian,

2022).

A study conducted by Tan and Venketasubramanian (2022) reported specific
figures for stroke-related incidents in Malaysia in 2019. They documented

47,911 new cases, 19,928 fatalities, 443,995 prevalent cases, and 512,726

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