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disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to stroke. Additionally,

multiple national health and morbidity surveys conducted since 2006 have

revealed a concerning increase in risk factors associated with stroke, such as
diabetes and obesity.

Notably, these risk factors have been found to contribute to a rising incidence

of stroke among individuals under the age of 65, with the highest increase

observed in the 35 to 39-year age group (Tan and Venketasubramanian,
2022). Specifically, males experienced a 53.3% rise, while females

experienced a 50.4% increase in stroke incidence within this age range.

2.1.2 Type of Stroke

According to research from Alrabghi et al. (2018), stroke is classified into
two types in clinical practise, ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke that affect

millions of people worldwide. Both types have distinct pathophysiology, risk
factors, and clinical presentations.

i. Ischemic Stroke

The most common type of stroke is an ischemic stroke. Ischaemic
strokes account for nearly eighty per cent of all strokes and occur when

blood flow to certain parts of the brain fails, commonly by a blood clot
(Bamekhlah et al., 2019). Blood clots, which can either form in the

brain's blood arteries (thrombotic stroke) or migrate from another

region of the body and enter the brain's blood vessels (embolic stroke),
are frequently to blame for this obstruction.

The primary cause of ischemic strokes is an interruption of blood flow,

which deprives brain cells of the nutrients they need to operate

normally. Brain cells begin to experience poor glucose and oxygen
metabolism when blood flow is restricted, which eventually results in

cellular malfunction and cell death. The afflicted area of the brain and

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