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i. Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

Non-modifiable risk factors are risk variables that cannot be adjusted or

controlled. Among the most important non-modifiable risk factors for

stroke are:

a. Age

The risk of stroke is strongly associated with age, with the incidence
of stroke increasing significantly as individuals grow older. Research

conducted by Galovic et al. (2021) indicates that the risk of stroke

increases with age, especially in people over 45.

b. Gender

While both males and females are at risk of stroke, research by
Johansson et al. (2021) reveals that males are more likely to have a

stroke than females. This gender differences in stroke incidence have

been collected in a wide range of populations and age categories,
while the exact reasons for this disparity remain unknown.

c. Stroke history in family

According to Johansson et al. (2021), having a family history of stroke

is a substantial risk factor for experiencing a stroke. A family history

of stroke reveals the possibility of inheriting or sharing conditions that
contribute to the higher risk. A number of factors may have a role in

the familial risk of stroke. Genetic variables can influence an
individual's susceptibility to stroke. Certain gene variants or

mutations may affect blood artery function, blood clotting

mechanisms, or other biological processes involved in stroke
formation.

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