Page 113 - Lokmanya Tilak Samagra (khand 2)

100 SAMAGRA TILAK - 2 8 THE ORION

which all lexicologists derive from agra + ayana, • would be
changed into agra + hayana = A"grahay~; and when hayana was
<:hanged to hayana in a manner analogous to the word~ in the
Prajnadi list ( Pa~. v. 4. 38) as stated above, Agrahci.y~a would
be altered into Agrahci.yar;uz. We can thus account for the double
forms-hayana and hci.yana, Agrahaya~Ja and A"grahay~a-which
we find given in Bothlinglc and Roth's and other lexicons, while
if we accept Pa~ini's derivation, hayana will have to be either
thrown out as incorrect or derived otherwise. In Amara ii. 8. 52,
hayana occurs as a different reading for rjayana in the sense of a
vehicle and Bbanu Dikthita derives it from hay to go; but we
might as well ask if hay, ay, and i, all meaning to go, are not the
different forms of the same root. As far as the form of the word
is concerned we may therefore derive hayana from hayana and the
latter again from ayana and similarly Agrahdyana from lgra-
" .
haymJa and this again from Agrayar;uz.
I may, however, -remark that the process which appears so
simple according to the modern philological rules, was not recog-
nized by the native grammarians. There are good many words in
Sanskrit which can be thus easily derived on the principle of the
insertion and omission of h. Thus we have invaka and hinvaka
both meaning the stars on the top of M!igashiras, and a~~a and
haHa denoting a market-place. But native grammarians including
Pa~ini, would not derive the words from each other, as we have
done above in the case of ayana and hayana .. Their method is to
give two different roots for the two words, thus we have two
Vedic roots him·a and inva or hiv and iv, both meaning to go, to
please, the one giving us hinvaka and the other invaka. At and
hat, an and han, ay and hay, i and hi are further instances of the
the principle adopted by the native grammarians in such cases.
Really speaking this is not solving the difficulty, but only shifting
it a stage backwards; for if any explanation is necessary to account
for the double forms like ayana and hayana, it is equally required
to explain why we should have the double roots like ay and hay,
both meaning to go. But it appears that the native grammarians,
having traced the words to their roots, did not push the matter

• This derivation would give us Ag,:;Y•Ifl.' instead of /i¥'">'•11!•• and
native grammarians obtain the second form from the first by the inter-
(..hange of the initial ,·owel w1th the following long''·