Page 2 - Handout of Computer Architecture (1)..

Table of Contents

Chapter one .................................................................................................................................................. 7

1.1 Organization and architecture ............................................................................................................ 8
1.2 Structure and Function ....................................................................................................................... 9

1.3 A Brief History OF Computers. .......................................................................................................... 17

1.3.1 The First Generation: Vacuum Tubes......................................................................................... 17
1.3.2 The Second Generation: Transistors .......................................................................................... 23
1.3.3 The Third Generation: Integrated Circuits ................................................................................. 24

1.4 Later Generations ............................................................................................................................. 31
1.5 Arm Architecture .............................................................................................................................. 35

1.5.1 ARM Evolution ........................................................................................................................... 35
1.5.2 Instruction Set Architecture ....................................................................................................... 36

1.5.3 ARM Products ............................................................................................................................ 36
Chapter Two ................................................................................................................................................ 38

2.1 Introduction. ..................................................................................................................................... 39
2.1.1 Designing for Performance ........................................................................................................ 39

2.1.2 Microprocessor Speed (Pipelining) ............................................................................................ 40
2.3 Operating System .............................................................................................................................. 41

2.4 Characteristics: .................................................................................................................................. 42
2.5 Example for Multiprocessor system ............................................................................................... 42

2.6 The master processor: ...................................................................................................................... 42
2.7 Advantages of Multiprocessors ........................................................................................................ 43

2.8 Challenges in Multiprocessor Systems ............................................................................................. 43
2.8.1 Performance Balance ................................................................................................................. 44

2.8.2 Improvements in Chip Organization and Architecture .............................................................. 46
2.9 Multicore, Mics, And Gpgpus ............................................................................................................ 48

2.10 Two Laws That Provide insight: Amdahl’s Law and Little’s Law ..................................................... 50
2.11 Basic Measures of Computer Performance .................................................................................... 52

2.12 Clock Speed and Synchronization ................................................................................................... 52

2.13 Synchronization .............................................................................................................................. 53

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