Page 3 - Handout of Computer Architecture (1)..

2.13.1 What is Synchronization?......................................................................................................... 53

2.13.2. Shared Resources .................................................................................................................... 54
2.13.3. Critical Section ........................................................................................................................ 54

2.13.4 Explanation Entry Section ........................................................................................................ 54
2.13.5. Race Condition ........................................................................................................................ 54

2.13.6 Requirements for Synchronization .......................................................................................... 55
2.13.7 Mutual Exclusion ...................................................................................................................... 55
2.13.8 Progress .................................................................................................................................... 55

2.13.9 Bounded Waiting ..................................................................................................................... 55
2.13.10 Synchronization Mechanisms ................................................................................................ 55

Example ............................................................................................................................................... 55
2.13.11 Where Synchronization is Used ............................................................................................. 55
2.13.12 Short Exam Answer (Perfect for writing) ............................................................................... 56

2.14 Instruction Execution Rate .............................................................................................................. 56

2.15 Arithmetic Mean ............................................................................................................................. 60
2.15.1 Harmonic Mean ....................................................................................................................... 60
Geometric Mean ................................................................................................................................. 62

2.15.2 Benchmarks And Spec .................................................................................................................. 63

2.15.3 SPEC Benchmarks ..................................................................................................................... 64
Chapter Three ............................................................................................................................................. 69
3.1 The CPU exchanges data with memory. ........................................................................................... 72

3.2 Computer Function ........................................................................................................................... 72

3.2.1 Instruction Fetch and Execute ................................................................................................... 73
3,3Interrupts ........................................................................................................................................... 78
3.4 Interconnection Structures ............................................................................................................... 86

3.5 Bus interconnection .......................................................................................................................... 88

Chapter Four ............................................................................................................................................... 89
4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 90

4.2 COMPUTER MEMORY SYSTEM OVERVIEW ....................................................................................... 90
4.3 CACHE MEMORY PRINCIPLES ............................................................................................................ 96

4.4 Cache Addresses ............................................................................................................................... 99

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