Page 26 - SAPEM-Chapter-10-2nd-edition-2014
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South African Pavement Engineering Manual
Chapter 10: Pavement Design
Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3
40 mm Asphalt 60 mm Old asphalt with seals 30 mm Old asphalt
125 mm G1 Base 250 mm G2 Base 150 mm G4 Base
250 mm C3 Subbase 250 mm G4 Subbase 250 mm G5 Subbase
300 mm G7 Selected 150 mm G6 Selected 450 mm G7 Selected
G9 Subgrade G9 Subgrade G7 Subgrade
Figure 9. Example Deflection Bowls
Pavement Initial phase Primary phase Accelerated distress phase Secondary phase
distress Bedding-in Reliable service Unreliable service Reliable service
Response time
Terminal
condition
Time/traffic
Premature failure Design structural capacity
Routine, preventative maintenance Reactive maintenance or rehabilitation
Figure 10. Generalized Behaviour of Flexible Road Pavements
Section 3: Design Considerations
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