Page 70 - ACADEMIC REDING

6. The researchers do not mention the approach of data analysis. [T/F]

7. The research shows that cooperative and non-cooperative farms [T/F]
have similar efficiency.
8. The research highlights the economy of scale among the non- [T/F]

cooperative farms.

9. The result of the research promotes cooperative system in farming. [T/F]
10. The researchers do not give any suggestion. [T/F]

3. The Introduction

The introduction of a journal article introduces the discussed matters. The
introduction commonly includes the following elements. Note that the order of the

elements in one article may differ to that of the others.

a. The Statement about the Topic
The introduction may start with what the researcher(s) believes about the

topic. One of the most common practice is to give an explanation from the general
issue to the specific topic.

b. The Previous Study

The introduction provides statements from the previous scholars. It may
involve the use of verb showing projection such as stated, said, mentioned,

claimed, argued, suggested, believed, etc.
c. The Gap

The gap is the thing between what is known and what is the unknown. It

becomes the reason of the research and underlines its worth.
d. The Purpose

The purpose of the research usually presents in the introduction in the
form of prediction and/or even hypothesis.

Below is an example of the introduction of a journal article adapted from

Cottey (2014) which has been broken down into its elements.
The Title:
Knowledge Production in a Cooperative Economy

66