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from high qualitative learning outcomes (Biggs and Tang, 2011). The second one

is an engagement from in-class participation activities that uses their
understanding and comments.
The surface and the deep approach of learning is important aspect. The

surface approach stems from an intention to pass the course with minimal effort

and is accompanied by a strategy that focuses on facts and rote learning.
Meanwhile, the deep approach is based on personal interest in the subject matter
(Biggs and Tang, 2011; Marton and Saljo, 2005).

Adapted from Herrmann (2013)

Nunn, 1996 1. a. the point of cooperative learning

Machemer and 2. b. Engagement from high

Crawford, 2007 qualitative learning outcomes

Johnson and Johnson, 3. c. cooperative learning gives better
1989). result than competitive learning

Slavin, 1996 4. d. lack of student engagement

Biggs and Tang, 2011 5. e. the purpose of cooperation

Marton and Saljo, 2005 6. f. personal interest in the subject
matter

Activity 5

Read the introduction of a journal article below and answer the questions
that follow.
The Title:
Comparing Efficiency between Cooperative and Non-cooperative Farms:
A Case of Sugar Beet Farmers of West Azerbaijan, Iran
The Introduction:
Efficiency, directly and indirectly, is one of the main goals of cooperatives.

In Iran the agricultural cooperative has majorly dominated by agricultural

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