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UNIT 2
               MODULE 2: ANALYTICAL METHODS AND SEPARATION TECHNIQUES


               GENERAL OBJECTIVES

               On completion of this Module, students should:

               1.      appreciate that all measurements have some degree of uncertainty that is related to both the
                       measuring device and the skills of the operator;

               2.      understand the basic theoretical principles of selected methods of analysis and separation
                       techniques;

               3.      demonstrate a knowledge of the basic equipment and operational procedures, as well as carry
                       out experiments associated with selected methods of analysis and separation procedures;

               4.      use experimental data to quantify substances or elucidate partial structure; and,

               5.      demonstrate  an  awareness  of  the  wide  applications  of  various  methods  of  analysis  and
                       separation techniques in industry and in medicine by citing examples.


                SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES                 EXPLANATORY NOTES            SUGGESTED PRACTICAL
                                                                                 ACTIVITIES

                1.        Uncertainty in Measurements

                Students should be able to:

                1.1.      apply appropriate concepts   Definitions  required  for:
                         to the  analysis  of scientific   mean,  standard  deviation,
                         data;                       precision,      accuracy,
                                                     calibration   curves,  and
                                                     standards.

                                                     Calculation  of  the  mean
                                                     and  standard  deviation
                                                     from data provided will be
                                                     required.

                                                                 ̅ 2
                                                     S = √∑(x − x)
                                                                    n – 1

                1.2.     carry  out  experiments  to                             Perform      experiments
                         assess   the   degree   of                              which  should  include  the
                         uncertainty            in                               use  of    pipettes,  burettes,
                         measurements  associated                                volumetric         flasks,
                         with  the  use  of  certain                             thermometers, top-loading
                         common pieces of                                        balances  and  analytical
                         laboratory equipment; and,                              balances.



                          CXC A11/U2/17                    45
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