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The making of Gulf port towns before oil             65











































                   3 Muhammad Rahim al-Safar, the British Native Agent between 1893
                   and 1900

            Belgrave, the British advisor to Shaykh Hamad (who became regent after
            the deposition of Shaykh ‘Isa ibn ‘Ali in 1923) noted in his diary his first
            encounter with the town’s merchants organised by Major Daly, the British
            Political Agent. Wearing his official uniform, Daly introduced Belgrave to
            the notables as the representatives of the urban population with short
            speeches in Arabic, Urdu and Persian. The visitors politely reciprocated
            in their own mother tongues, and the conversation continued briskly in
            various languages during the reception (see Figure 4). 64

            64
              Belgrave Diaries, 5 June 1926, Arab World Documentation Unit (AWDU hereafter).
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