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gcometric patterns, as wcll as vcrtical and horizontal pancls. he blossoning
flowcrs in the floral paltcrn are obtaincd by filling thc petals with the rcd tet. 'he
black text, on the othcr hand, is cmploycd to fill thc rcmainder of the dccorative
uits, such as the leaves and stcms of thc flowcr, thc gconctric lcsign, :as well as
thc panels. he gold colour, in this camplc, is only used in thin or broad lincs to
dclincatc the exterior boundaries of cach dccorative form, hc cnple conmcs
from urkey.

Othcr examples reprcsent the two major typcs of calligraphic style, Kufi and
Naskhi (Cursive). he aesthetic aspec‫ ﺍ‬in the art of calligraphy is denonstratcd in
the various styles of Arabic script. he grammatical linguistic aspects are also
considcred. he development in vocalization and letter-pointing is illustrated in
various examples in the collection, Makki and Madani scripts are believed to be the
ones initially used in writing Masahef in the very early period of Islan. he
manuscript represents a splendid example of such scripts, written on parchment
and attributed to al-Hijaz.

‫&ﻱ‬ i" ‫ﻲ‬.‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺇ‬

،-‫ﺑﺰﺓ‬

٠٠٠ ' ‫ﺑﺰ‬.‫ﺇ‬ "‫ﻡ‬ -٠٤‫ﻣﺪ‬

‫"ﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺟﻢﻹ‬, ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺎ‬

‫ﺪﻫﺅﻩ ﻗﺐ‬
Fig. 3. A rare page of vellum with a fine and attractive Kuifc Script, nicely written and
suitably spaced with medallion insertion between verses. Red circular dots used to identiyf
the gramatic punctuation.
" Iraq; Ninth Century AD

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