Page 98 - Arabian Studies (I)

84 Arabian Studies I

7. As, for example, when a man from ‘IbrT said, 4Had he daliiya hangarik,
[Suppose that] this garden belonged to you?’
8. The list of the early 4ulamcT of Oman which occurs in Kashf al-ghummah,
cap. 39, also occurs with slight variants in Jumayyil b. Khaims b. LafT al-Sa‘dT’s
monumental Qdmus al-sharVah, VIII, cap. Ixxxviii, 299-309, which derives
from the Minhaj al-1 alibi n of KhamTs b. SaTd al-ShaqsF, the chief elector of the
first Ya4rab! Imam (early seventeenth century). The Qainus was started in
1206/1791-2 cf. i, 27 and not in Ya‘rabT times, as stated in the British Museum
Sup. Cat. Arab. MSS, 1894 (122), whence errors in Brockclmann, Schacht and
Kfafi.
9. Rosslcr (‘Nachal und Wad il Ma‘awil\M.S.O.S. 1898, fn. p. 72) remarks
4Sclaven werden in ‘Oman hauptsdchlich zur Bedienung im House verwendet.
Feldarbcit wird von Freicn, Arabern, get ban
10. The links between the IbadFs in Oman and Hadramawt had been of the
closest since the joint expedition to establish Talib al-Haqq’s Imamatc in
south-western Arabia at the end of Umaiyad times. During the First Imamatc the
Omanis kept a firm hold of the Mahrah territory which separated the two
communities. Although there were occasions in the ninth century when the
Hadramfs seem to have had their own Imams, their relationship with Oman
always appears to have been good. They relied on the Omanis for physical
support as when the latter sent a large fleet to recover Soqotra from the
Christian (Abyssinian?) invaders. When the First Imamate was overthrown in the
civil war at the very end of the ninth century, the Hadrann IbadFs were unable
to maintain a hold of their own country and it was not until the Imamate was
restored in the interior of Oman at the beginning of the eleventh century that
Abu Ishaq IbrahFm b. Qays al-HadramF was able to revive the IbadF state in his
country: he was also nearly successful in capturing Yemen from the Sulayhids.
Unfortunately the doctrines propounded by the Rustaq party (which were really
aimed at justifying the Yahmad in their hold on the office of Imam) revived the
old animosities which had led to civil war a century and a half before, and their
extremism estranged the HadramFs who cut themselves off from Oman, declaring
Abu Ishaq, hitherto governor on behalf of the Omani Imams, Imam in his own
right. Although initially successful, the HadramF state was unable to survive
independently for long and the final remnants of the IbadF communities seem to
have disappeared from southern Arabia sometime in the twelfth and thirteenth
centuries. (Refs.: Abu Ishaq, i.e., IbrahFm b. Qays al-HamdanF al-HadramF,
DTwan al-sayf al-naqqad, [Kuwait, n.d.]: SalimT, i.e., ‘Abdullah b. Humayd,
Tuhfat al-a'yan bi-slrat aid ‘Umdn, [Cairo 1380/1961], I, 135, 152-3, 166-83,
219, 295-9: HamdanF, op. cit., 53: Ibn al-Mujawir, ed. Lofgren, II, 278:
Lewicki, T., ‘Les Ibaditcs dans 1’Arabie du sud au moyen-age’, Akt. XXIV Int.
Cong, Miinchen, 1957, 362-4.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS CITED IN TEXT IN ABBREVIATED FORM

Bujra, A. S., The Politics of Stratification: a Study in Political Change in a South
Arabian Town, Oxford 1971.