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4. (a) A ù B = {I}, n(A ù B) = 1 Praktis Kendiri 4.2b
(b) A ù C = { }, n(A ù C) = 0
(c) B ù C = { }, n(B ù C) = 0 1. (a) A' = {3, 4, 7, 8}
(d) A ù B ù C = { }, n(A ù B ù C) = 0 (b) B' = {5, 6, 7, 8}
(d) (A ø B)' = {7, 8}
Praktis Kendiri 4.1b 2. (a) ξ I
G
1. (a) (P ù Q)' = {2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10} •24
(b) (Q ù R)' = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} •11 •10 H •21
(c) (P ù Q ù R)' = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} •13 •23 •14 •25 •12
•18
•29
•17
•30
•16
•27
2. (a) (G ù H)' = {11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18} •19
(b) (G ù I)' = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18} •15 •20 •22
(c) (H ù I)' = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18} •26 •28
(d) (G ù H ù I)' = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18} (b) (i) (G ø H)' = {15, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28}
3. (a) ξ (b) ξ P Q (c) ξ Q (ii) (H ø I)' = {11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 26, 28}
P Q P
(iii) (G ø H ø I)' = {15, 20, 22, 26, 28}
3. (a) ξ (b) ξ
A B C A B C
R R R
(P ù Q)' (P ù R)' (P ù Q ù R)'
4. (a) (M ù L) = {a, b, c, d, f, g}
(b) (N ù L)' = {a, b, c, d, g} (A ø B)' (A ø B ø C)'
(c) (M ù N)' = {a, b, d, f, g} 4. (a) ξ M N (b) ξ P Q (c)ξ L K J
(d) (L ù M ù N)' = {a, b, c, d, f, g} R
Praktis Kendiri 4.1c (M ø N)' (Q ø R)' (J ø K ø L)'
1. (a) 15 (b) 30
2. (a) 123 (b) 15 (c) 78 Praktis Kendiri 4.2c
3. 62 1. x = 3
4. 16
5. 8 2. 8
3. 11
Praktis Kendiri 4.2a 4. (a) 25 (b) 87 (c) 61
1. (a) A ø B = {b, d, k, n, p, s} 5. 94
(b) A ø C = {f, g, k, l, n, p, s} Praktis Kendiri 4.3a
(c) B ø C = {b, d, f, g, l, n, s}
(d) A ø B ø C = {b, d, f, g, k, l, n, p, s} 1. M P
2. (a) ξ P Q N
•55
•54 •51 •53
•60 •57 •59
R
•52 •50 2. (S ø T) ù R = {3, 5, 7, 11, 13}
•56 •58 3. (a) P ù (Q ø R) = {3}
(b) (i) P ø Q = {51, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59, 60}
(ii) P ø R = {51, 53, 54, 57, 59, 60} (b) Q ù (P ø R) = {3, 8}
(iii) Q ø R = {51, 53, 55, 57, 59} (c) (Q ø R) P = {2, 3, 6, 7, 8}
(iv) P ø Q ø R = {51, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59, 60} Praktis Kendiri 4.3b
3. (a) ξ R (b) ξ R (c) ξ R
S S S 1. (a) L' ù (M ø N) = {13, 15, 19}
T T T (b) (M ø N)' ù L = {12, 14, 18}
2. 25
R ø T R ø S R ø S ø T 3. (a) ξ J K (b) ξ J
4. (a) J ø K = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8} L K L
J ø L = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9}
(b)
Saiz sebenar
(c) J ø K ø L = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
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