Page 36 - The Inquiry into the Development and Implementation of a Multimedia Resource to Help Improve Parental Involvement in Their Child’s Reading Literacy During the Primary School Years.

The Personalisation Principle promotes the use of an enthusiastic and conversational

style narrative over a formal style in multimedia presentations (Clark & Mayer,
2011). Mayer (2008, p. 766) contends that this may be due to the creation of “a sense

of social partnership with the narrator in which learners try harder to make sense of
what their conversational partner is saying”. Zhang (2006) compared the impact of

interactive and non-interactive video on students and observed students who had the

option of controlling the video via pausing, forwarding, bookmarking etc.
demonstrated better achievement of learning outcomes and greater satisfaction.

Vural (2013) also compared the effect of video with embedded questions to
interactive video without embedded questions in pre-service teachers, finding that

the embedded questions improved the students’ performance on subsequent quizzes.

To summarise, instructional videos can be an effective learning tool when the

designer is aware of the elements that impact engagement and promote active
learning. It is recommended to keep videos brief and targeted on the learning goals.

Use audio and visual elements to complement each other when conveying an
explanation or instructing the learner. Use signaling to highlight important ideas,

focusing the learners attention towards what is most important during that particular

lesson, and finally use a conversational, enthusiastic style to enhance learner
engagement.

2.7 Conclusion

This literature review has established the theoretical framework for the production of

an educational video to enhance parental involvement in their child’s education, with
a particular focus on developing their reading skills. The benefits of parental

involvement in education and reading has been broadly discussed and has been
shown to improve pupil academic success, social development and increase their

reading literacy. I have also argued the importance of improving the relationship

between teachers and parents and how technology can play a key role in facilitating
these interactions. I focused primarily on the use of digital video as an eLearning

tool for parents and pupils, and more specifically on the principles of instructional

design in multimedia. I firmly support the development and implementation of
eLearning technology within the school community as a means of improving the

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