Page 176 - Chinese and japanese porcelain silk and lacquer Canepa

Cédulas de Paso, no. 365, folio 43r. Valladolid, 1
considerably larger quantities of porcelain. Portuguese merchants began to settle in Aragón and Queen Isabella I of Castile, she left the April 1602. Pérez de Tudela and Jordan Gschwend, fifty Portuguese earthenware vases’. Another walled credenza contained ‘one ivory box
Netherlands for Spain.
2001, Appendix A, p. 93. Mentioned in Canepa,
I
Antwerp after Manuel I established an official royal factory in the city in 1501. 299 262 n the first room of Margaret’s cabinets is listed ‘A 2014/1, p. 32. as Doctor Costa’s pledge, forty-eight Portuguese earthenware vases, one large porcelain
quite beautiful porcelain pot without lid and tending 269 Pérez de Tudela and Jordan Gschwend, 2001,
They became actively involved in the trade of commodities from the Portuguese towards grey’. Margaret also kept porcelain in the Appendix B, pp. 122 and 124. Mentioned in Canepa, vase with cover, five large porcelain dishes, three more [dishes] even larger also in
overseas territories in Asia, Africa and the New World, and thus made Antwerp the so-called ‘Garden’ or ‘Coral cabinet’, which served 2014/1, p. 32. A year later, in 1604, Albert received porcelain, one porcelain washbasin, two small bowls and three dishes all of them in
to house and display part of her valuable collection.
some porcelain from Catarraxa. AGS, Valladolid,
principal market for selling the spices they imported into Europe. 300 The porcelain Three pieces kept in this cabinet were embellished Cámara de Castilla, Libro de Cédulas de Paso, no. porcelain’. As Novoa observes, António da Fonseca’s exquisite tastes and interests
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with silver mounts: ‘Another porcelain ewer with a 365, folio 146r. Catarraxa, 10 January 1602. Pérez de
they imported, however, was still rarely available for sale in Antwerp in the early 1550s. well modelled silver-gilt lid, foot and handle’ and Tudela and Jordan Gschwend, 2001, Appendix A, p. reflect his vast wealth and social standing as Mercatore Romanam Curiam Sequentes,
94. Mentioned in Canepa, 2014/1, p. 32.
It is recorded that only a single chest of porcelain was imported by sea from Portugal ‘Two other ewers of a type of blue porcelain with 270 Jordan Gschwend, 1998, pp. 218-219; and Canepa, designation given to all merchant bankers who dealt with the Apostolic Chamber in
silver-gilt lids’. There is also ‘A beautiful wide-
in 1552–1553. mouthed cup in white porcelain with a lid, and 2014/1, p. 32. Rome, and prove that he maintained close ties with his homeland and its commercial
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painted figures of men and women all around’. 271 Dries Raeymaekers, ‘The “Gran Privado” of Archduke
An extensive probate inventory of Isabel da Vega, the wife of the Portuguese Listed in the chapel is ‘A beautiful large blue Albert. Rodrigo Niño y Lasso, Count of Añover (ca. interests in Asia. It is likely that Fonseca acquired this large number of pieces of
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merchant banker Emmanuel Ximenes (1564–1632), taken in Antwerp between June porcelain pot with two silver rings’. A transcription 1560–1620)’, in René Vermeir, Maurits Ebben and porcelain through Antwerp or Lisbon.
of the inventory is published in Eleanor E. Tremayne,
Raymond Fagel (eds.), Agentes e Identidades en
13 and 28 of 1617, following her death on May 18, mentions a number of pieces of The First Governess of The Netherlands, Margaret of Movimiento. España y los Países Bajos, siglos XVI- Recent research into probate inventories of seventeenth century Antwerp residents
Austria, New York, 1908, pp. 305–327; and Dagmar XVII, Madrid, 2011, p. 145. Mentioned in Canepa,
porcelain among her belongings. Emmanuel Ximenes, a Knight of the Equestrian Eichberger, Leben mit Kunst, Wirken durch Kunst. 2014, p. 32. has revealed that by 1630 a large proportion of households belonging to six different
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Order of Saint Stephen, belonged to a wealthy family who formed part of a powerful Sammelwesen und Hofkunst unter Margarete von 272 nstituto Valencia de Don Juan, manuscrito 26–I–11, socio-economic groups owned at least 8 pieces of porcelain. The porcelain, as shown
Österreich, Regentin der Niederlande, Turnhout,
fols. 53–92. Inbentario de los bienes y hazienda que
network of Portuguese New Christian family businesses in Lisbon, Seville, Cádiz, 2002, pp. 132 and 364. Mentioned in Canepa, quedaron por fin y muerte del Sr. Conde de Añover in Fonseca’s inventory, was used for display in representative rooms of the house. 312
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2014/1, pp. 29 and 32. I am grateful to Prof. Dr. en los Estados de Flandes. I am greatly indebted
Florence, Venice, Hamburg and Goa, among others, which developed close ties to Dagmar Eichberger, Institut für Europäische to Dries Raeymaekers, Radboud University, The Visual sources attest to the presence of various pieces of porcelain in Antwerp at the
the Habsburg courts in Brussels and Madrid as well as the Medici in Florence. He Kunstgeschichte, for providing me with information Netherlands, for providing me with the pages of the time. For instance, a painting by the Antwerp artist Willem van Haecht (1593–1637),
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on Margaret of Austria’s collection. For further
inventory listing porcelain and white silver.
assembled a splendid collection of art and scientific objects in his second residence on bibliographical references for Margaret of Austria’s 273 Mentioned in Canepa, 2014/1, pp. 32–33. Appelles Painting Campaspe of c.1630, depicting the art gallery of Apelles with people
inventory, see Krahe, 2014, Vol. I, p. 92, note 339. 274 Madrid Biblioteca Nacional, Ms. 2751, Kevenhüller,
the Antwerp Meir. In the 1617 inventory, the porcelain is listed in two of the rooms of 263 Van Orley is listed in the ordinance of 1525 as folio 674r. December 1590. Pérez de Tudela and admiring a large collection of paintings, sculptures and other works of art, including
the residence. Among the contents of a room described as the ‘small porcelain room’ Bernard Dorleck. See, Emmanuel de Quinsonas, Jordan Gschwend, 2001, p. 8, note 51 and Appendix a lady holding a blue-and-white porcelain bowl in her hand and kneeling beside a
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Matériaux pour server à l’histoire de Margerite
A, pp. 71–72. Mentioned in Canepa, 2014/1, p. 33.
(porceleynkamerken) are listed 53 items of porcelain, including ‘Eleven porcelain bowls, d’Autriche, duchesse de Savoie, régente des Pays- 275 Mencía was the daughter of Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar wooden cabinet with an open door that reveals several pieces of porcelain kept on the
Bas, vol. 3, Paris 1860, p. 290. After Margaret’s death y Mendoza, 1st Marquis of Zenete (d. 1523) and his
among them both large and small’, ‘Eighteen porcelain dishes, some broken’; ‘Three in 1530, Van Orley was appointed court painter by second wife Maria de Fonseca and Toledo (d. 1521). interior shelves of the lower section (Figs. 3.1.3.6a and b). On the floor, beside her
Mentioned in Canepa, 2014/1, p. 33.
large and three smaller porcelain dishes’; ‘A broken porcelain bowl’; ‘A small porcelain her niece and successor as regent, Mary of Austria 276 Henry III, a member of the Great Council at are displayed five pieces of blue-and-white porcelain. At least three of them appear to
(r. 1531–1555). For the Annunciation painting and
box’; and ‘Five porcelain saucers, three of which are broken’. One wonders if the a comparable porcelain ewer, see A. I. Spriggs, Margaret of Austria’s court in Mechelen and later be Kraak porcelain: a large dish with a panelled border, a globular-shaped kendi with
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‘Oriental Porcelain in Western Paintings 1450–1700’, Chamberlain of Emperor Charles V, occupied an
‘small porcelain room’ would have been specially designed to display the porcelain. Transactions of the Oriental Ceramic Society, vol. 36, important position in the Burgundian-Netherlands. a panelled body mounted in gilt, and a klapmuts with monster-masks on the rim. A
Emmanuel Ximenes and his neighbour, Peter Paul Rubens, had an international 1964–1966, p. 74, pl. 60 a-c. Mentioned in Canepa, His principal residences were Breda Castle, which still life composition Allegory of Fire by Adriaen van Utrecht (1599–1652), signed and
2014/1, p. 32.
had been owned by the Nassau family since the
network of acquaintances. The same can be said of Albrecht Dürer, who while in 264 Barbara Welzel, ‘Armory and Archducal Image: first half of the fifteenth century, and a palace in dated 1636, depicts on a table covered with a fine cloth six pieces of Kraak porcelain
The Sense of Touch from the Five Senses of Jan Brussels where he housed a collection of paintings.
Antwerp from 1520 to 1521, became an acquaintance of the Portuguese factor, João Brueghel and Peter Paul Rubens’, in Werner Thomas Mentioned in Canepa, 2014/1, p. 33. alongside goblets made of marine shells or rock crystal, as well as locally produced
Brandão (1509–1514 and again from 1520–1526) and his secretary and successor, and Luc Duerloo (eds.), Albert & Isabella 1598–1621, 277 The connection between Asian material, specifically glass, gold and silver objects, all luxury goods linked to Antwerp’s intercontinental
Essays, Turnhout, 1998, p. 99; and Barbara Welzel,
porcelain, and the collection of Mencía de Mendoza
Rodrigo Fernandez d’Almada. Dürer received ‘three pieces of porcelain’ as gifts from ‘Los cuadros de los cinco sentidos de Jan Brueghel was originally presented by Dr. Mari-Tere Alvarez trade (Fig. 3.1.3.7). The porcelain depicted on this still life painting, probably dating
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como espejo de la cultura de la corte de Alberto to the Mendoza project team in 2006 (Oaxaca,
Brandão, and ‘an ivory whistle and a very pretty piece of porcelain’ from Lorenz Sterck, e Isabel Clara Eugenia’, in Vergara, 1999, p. 95. Mexico). Based on the team’s research, Mencía’s to the Wanli/Tianqi reign, includes two large dishes of different sizes with panelled
treasurer of the provinces of Brabant and Antwerp. Mentioned in Canepa, 2014/1, p. 32. I am indebted collection of porcelain and its connection with borders of a type similar to those on board the Nuestra Señora de la Concepción when
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to Annemarie Jordan Gschwend, independent
Asia was presented in the talk ‘The Significance of
The inventories of the belongings of another prominent Portuguese New Christian scholar, for suggesting these bibliographical Chinese Art in Spanish Aristocracy’ given at the it sank in 1638 off Saipan, which will be discussed in section 3.3.1.1 of this Chapter,
references. Renaissance Society of America in 2009. Mentioned
merchant banker, António da Fonseca (c.1515–1588), shows that porcelain circulated 265 The Sense of Taste depicts an open gallery with a in Canepa, 2014/1, p. 33. I am greatly indebted a small saucer-dish with a star-shaped medallion, two bowls with a border of flying
to other important cities of continental Europe that had an Iberian (Portuguese and table and a sideboard displaying precious glass and to Mari-Tere Alvarez, J. Paul Getty Museum, horses below the rim (for a Kraak bowl with a similar rim border, see Fig. 3.2.2.5)
metal objects, while Kraak porcelain is portrayed
for providing me with extracts from Mencía de
Spanish) community as early as the 1580s. These documents, compiled a few months filled with fruit and other foods. There is a small Mendoza’s unpublished inventories. and an elephant-shaped kendi decorated with a saddle-cloth depicting a horse on a
bowl with silver-gilt mounts, a large dish, two saucer 278 Mencía de Mendoza and Henry III resided at
before his death in Februray of 1588, reveal that his stately house in Rome (where he dishes, a plate with panelled borders, and a dish Jadraque Castle for seven months after their terrace, which is similarly modelled to that recovered from the shipwreck San Diego
lived from 1556 until he died) contained a large quantity of exotic objects in precious with a pomegranate border, such as those known to wedding. In the succeeding years, Mencía returned (1600). The paintings discussed above indicate that by the 1630s porcelain was still
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have been on board the Nossa Senhora dos Mártires
numerous times to reside there. Mentioned in
materials from Asia, including porcelain, mother-of-pearl, coconut and tortoise. 309 when it wrecked en route to Lisbon in 1606. The Canepa, 2014/1, p. 33. valued more as an imported curiosity than for its practical function, thus worth of
Sense of Smell, showing the court gardens, depicts 279 Cited in Juana Hidalgo Ogáyar, ‘Doña Mencía de
An inventory, drawn up in Italian, lists a total of 526 pieces of porcelain that are two pieces of Kraak porcelain in the foreground. Mendoza y su residencia en el castillo de Jadraque’, being depicted in paintings alongside other luxury goods or being exhibited alongside
described as being of both fine and ordinary quality, which were displayed in wooden They are the same bottle and large vase that Archivo Español de Arte 310, 2005, p. 188. This paintings, sculptures and books in the art galleries of wealthy merchants of Antwerp to
appear in the Sense of Sight, but in this painting
unpublished inventory, dated 24 January 1525, is
credenzas. One contained ‘a porcelain bowl with mirabolana [?]’; and ‘one basket they are filled with flowers. Afonso, 1998; Canepa, housed at the Archivo del Palau, Marquesado del be both studied and admired by the owner himself as well as by visitors.
2008–2009, pp. 62–63, fig. 1; Canepa, 2012/1, p. 263; Zenete (hereafter cited as APMZ), leg. 122–20. This
with eight small dishes and one large all in porcelain as well as two porcelain bowls’. and Canepa, 2014/1, p. 32. inventory lists the objects belonging to Mencía that From the textual and visual sources discussed above one can conclude that
Another credenza, described as from albuccio, contained ‘twenty-one large porcelain 266 The chakra, the Sanskrit word for wheel, is had been taken from Ayora (Mencía’s residence in porcelain was much more readily available and appreciated in the Habsburg territories
represented as a flaming disc or wheel and is one
Valencia before her marriage) to Jadraque. The
dishes, seven half-sized porcelain dishes, one-hundred-and-two low quality porcelain of the Eight Buddhist Emblems. It represents legajo also includes another inventory drawn up a of the Southern Netherlands than in Spain. Porcelain began to be acquired by the
the teachings of the Buddha, thus is a symbol of few days earlier, on 6 January, which does not list any
dishes, a large gourd-shaped vase in low quality porcelain, twenty-five porcelain enlightenment. It also symbolises sovereignty as it porcelain objects. Habsburg governors, high-ranking nobility and affluent merchants as early as the
vases of different kinds, seven large porcelain bowls, twenty four small bowls also is one of the attributes of the Hindu God, Vishnu. 280 APMZ, leg. 122–5, Inventarios de las alhajas y ropas sixteenth century. Porcelain, with or without metal mounts, was displayed throughout
Mentioned in Vinhais and Welsh, 2008/2, p. 277.
entregadas a Vicente, conserje de la casa de Breda
in porcelain, one large eight-sided porcelain bowl with cover, two small gilded ivory 267 The shard, excavated at site DP-1, is published in y a maestre Lorenzo por Agustín Cuellar para llevar the living apartments or in the cabinet of curiosities. Visual sources suggest that the
Cheng, 2009, p. 106, fig. 68. por la mar. Año 1533, folio 4r. Mentioned in Canepa,
boxes, seventeen small saucer dishes, two majolica cups, one porcelain covered bowl, 268 AGS, Valladolid, Cámara de Castilla, Libro de 2014/1, p. 33. porcelain imported was all blue-and-white from Jingdezhen, and that from the early
174 Silk, Porcelain and Lacquer Trade in Chinese Porcelain 175